Web Based Integrated Models for

Participatory Planning

National Technical University of Athens

School of Rural and Surveying Engineering

Department of Geography and Regional Planning

Elias Grammatikogiannis Maria Giaoutzi

June 20th - June 23th, 2011,

University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain

"Cities, Technologies and Planning" (CTP 11)

Sixth International Workshop on "Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics"

GEOG-AN-MOD 11

The development of an

Integrated Assessment Model (IAM)that embeds the web dimension

to promote Participatory Spatial Planning

by increasing awareness in society, on environmental issues

GOAL

PARTS OF THE PAPER

PART 1: Concepts of IA and Participatory IA

PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models

PART 3: the LandGEM IA Model

PART 4: Development of a PIA Model

Integrated Assessment – IA:

Interdisciplinary process of combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge

from diverse scientific disciplines

(where the whole cause–effect chain of a problem

can be evaluated from a synoptic perspective)

PART 1: Concepts of IA and PIA

(Rotmans and Dowlatabadi,1997)

reflective and iterative participatory process

that takes into account the social context in which

scientific and political activities operate

Participatory Integrated Assessment - PIA

(ULYSSES Project)

approach that allows to combine evaluations of experts (scientific

judgments) and lay people (valuations of non-scientists)

(Schlumpf et al. (1999 )

PART 1: Concepts of IA and PIA

IAMs: simulate natural and socio-economic

systems

Goal: to analyze one or more of the cause-

effect chains of an environmental problem,

to describe the relation between human activity and environmental change

PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models

PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models

Divided into:

I. evaluation policy models

II. optimization policy models

I. Evaluation Policy Models

consider the effects of a single policy option on

biosphere, climate, and

economic systems and are also known as simulation models

PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models

II. Optimization Policy Models

assess the optimal policy (trade off expected costs and benefits of climate change control)

identify policies (minimize the costs of achieving a particular goal)

simulate the effects of an efficient level of

carbon abatement on the world economy

PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models

PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models

(S=Simple C=Complex)Model Author Type Detail

ClimateEconom

yAtmosphe

re

AIM Morita 1994 Eval. C Simple Complex

DIAM Chapuis, 1995 Opt. S S S

ICAM Dowlatabadi Morgan 1995 Eval. C S C

IMAGE Alcamo 1994 Eval. C S C

MAGICC Wigley, 1993 Eval. C C C

MARIA Mori 1995 Opt. S C S

MERGE Manne, 1993 Opt. S C S

PAGE CEC 1992 Eval. C C S

TARGETS Rotmans 1995 Eval. C S C

LandGEM model (Landfill Gas Emissions Model)

designed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(USEPA)

automated gas emissionestimation tool

with Microsoft Excel interface

General InformationPART 3: LandGEM - IA Model

How it Works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model

Climate Type

Landfill Open and Closure

Year

Mass of Waste

CAA Default Parameters

Inventory Default

Parameters

Landfill Characteristics

Default Parameters

Options

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

LandGEM Equation

I

II

II

III

ijktn

i j

ioCH eM

kLQ

1

1

1.0 104

I. Inputs

Climate: conventional and arid type of climate

Landfill Open and Closure Year: Year of opening and closure of the landfill

Waste Acceptance Data: The volume of waste accepted in Landfill in (Mg)

How it works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model

II. Model Equation

k = methane generation rate determines therate of methane generation for the mass ofwasteL0 = potential methane generation capacity the higher the cellulose contents of the waste,the higher the value of Lo

How it Works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model

ijktn

i j

ioCH eM

kLQ

1

1

1.0 104

How it works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model

III. Emissions

1.total landfill gas 2.methane 3.carbon dioxide4.non-methane organic compounds

(NMOCs)

5.but also individual air pollutants

from from municipal solidmunicipal solid waste landfills waste landfills

A Web based Integrated Assessment Model- LandGEM

PART 4: Development of PIA Model

Gas emissions

LandGEM

Typical Diagram of IAM

A Web based Integrated Assessment Model- LandGEM

PART 4: Development of PIA Model

Structure of a Web Based IA Model

Tools Co-operating with IAMPART 4: Development of PIA Model

co-Operating Tools:

web questionnaires geovisualization tools multicriteria methods

ELECTREPROMETHEE

etc.

Google EarthWeb GIS platforms

etc.

Transformation of Web Based LandGEM into a PIA Model

PART 4: Development of PIA Model

STEPS:Step 1. Transformation of the

aggregated input data, into personal data (individuals’ behavioural patterns)

Step 2. Estimation of personal contribution to GHGs

Step 3. Calculation of the impacts of the behaviour “what if everyone acts like the model user”?

Step 4. Sharing, with other users, the results of personal contributions

Structure of Participatory Integrated Assessment Model

PART 4: Development of PIA Model

Attributes of PIA Model PART 4: Development of PIA Model

PIA Model Facilitates Participatory Process as able to:

Estimate greenhouse gas emissions from household waste disposal

Assess greenhouse gas emissions “if everyone acts like the model user”

Share users’ greenhouse gas emissions on web

Provide an open in access, autonomous and web accessible model for both expertsexperts and laymenlaymen

CONCLUSIONS I

1. the transformation process, may hold for any IA model, that simulates socio-economic, environmental etc. phenomena

2. useful tool for handling problems that require both the monitoring of behavioural patterns and the assessment of peoples’ contribution to the problem under study

CONCLUSIONS II

3. the transformation from the LandGEM expert oriented model into a user oriented model enables the communication of the scientific knowledge to the broader public

4. by embedding, the web dimension an

open access, innovative and autonomous PIA model has been created, that could inform people on the impacts of their behaviour

CONCLUSIONS III

5. LandGEM PIA model could be combined with important tools of the planning process, such as web questionnaires, geovisualization tools, multicriteria methods etc.

6. barriers to be overcome in order to implement the Web Based PIA Models efficiently, are the user friendliness of the model interface that should become as accessible as possible to the lay user.

THANK YOU