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#ATM16
Very High Density 802.11ac NetworksBasic Design & Deployment
March 8th, 2016 @ArubaNetworks |
Marcus Wehmeyer, ACMX #21
2#ATM16
Agenda
@ArubaNetworks |
–Very High Density VRDs –802.11ac vs. 802.11n in VHD networks–80-MHz vs. 40-MHz vs. 20-MHz Channels–DFS channel use–Collision Domains & RF Spatial Reuse–VHD Capacity Planning Methodology–Basic RF Design for Very High Density Coverage Areas–Example: Adjacent Large Auditoriums
3#ATM16@ArubaNetworks |
Very High Density VRD
100% 802.11acEnd-to-end system architecture & dimensioningNew capacity planning methodologyAddresses a wide range of customer use caseshttp://goo.gl/4epc9l
4#ATM16@ArubaNetworks |
Modular VRD Structure
Different guides for different audiences
IT LeadersCarrier StandardsAccount Managers
Customer EngineersPartner & Aruba SEsInstall Technicians
WLAN AchitectsCarrier RF Engineers
AllAudiences
VenueOwners
5
802.11ac vs. 802.11n @VHD
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How Far We’ve Come
– “Coverage” WLANs came first
– These evolved into “Capacity” WLANs (with limited HD zones)
– 250m2 / 2500 ft2 = 25 devices per cell
– BYOD made every capacity WLAN a high-density network
– 3 devices/person = 75 per cell
– HD WLANs from 2011 are now very high-density (VHD)
– 100+ devices per “cell”. Devices may be associated to multiple BSS operators in same RF domain.
Waiting for the new Pope in St. Peter’s Square
NBC Today Show, February, 2013, http://instagram.com/p/W2BuMLQLRB/
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How Do 802.11ac Features Impact VHD Design?802.11ac Technology Promise VHD Impact
80-MHz & 160-MHz Channels Increase burst rates for individual STAs
None. Stay with 20-MHz channels for VHD areas
256-QAM New MCS rates up to 33% faster Minimal. Rates only usable within ~5m of AP
8 Spatial Streams Peak data rates up to 6.9Gbps None. In future, clients will be mostly capped at 2SS
DL MU-MIMO Transmit to 4 STAs at the “same” time TBD until Wave2 in 2016. Sounding overhead offsets gains
Frame Aggregation(A-MSDU & A-MPDU)
Enable the MAC to keep up with the 802.11ac PHY
Minimal. Majority of frames in VHD areas are bursty & small
802.11ac Technology Promise VHD Impact
80-MHz & 160-MHz Channels Increase burst rates for individual STAs
None. Stay with 20-MHz channels for VHD areas
256-QAM New MCS rates up to 33% faster Minimal. Rates only usable within ~5m of AP
8 Spatial Streams Peak data rates up to 6.9Gbps None. In future, clients will be mostly capped at 2SS
DL MU-MIMO Transmit to 4 STAs at the “same” time Variable Sounding overhead offsets gains at density
802.11ac Technology Promise VHD Impact
80-MHz & 160-MHz Channels Increase burst rates for individual STAs
None. Stay with 20-MHz channels for VHD areas
256-QAM New MCS rates up to 33% faster Minimal. Rates only usable within ~5m of AP
8 Spatial Streams Peak data rates up to 6.9Gbps None. In future, clients will be mostly capped at 2SS
802.11ac Technology Promise VHD Impact
80-MHz & 160-MHz Channels Increase burst rates for individual STAs
None. Stay with 20-MHz channels for VHD areas
256-QAM New MCS rates up to 33% faster Minimal. Rates only usable within ~5m of AP
802.11ac Technology Promise VHD Impact
80-MHz & 160-MHz Channels Increase burst rates for individual STAs
None. Stay with 20-MHz channels for VHD areas
8#ATM16
802.11ac Impact Promise VHD Impact
Broad-based DFS channel support
Open up 15 channels (FCC domains) Add up to 750Mbps of capacity
Faster AP CPUs Process small frames and collisions faster
Increase channel bandwidth closer to theoretical max
More AP memory Larger table sizes Better handle very high BSSID count environments
Clients converge to 2SS Increase per-STA burst rate even in narrow channels
Get clients off the air faster
Tx Beam Forming Improve SINRs both directions Robustness improvement; client-side CSI feedback
802.11ac Impact Promise VHD Impact
Broad-based DFS channel support
Open up 15 channels (FCC domains) Add up to 750Mbps of capacity
Faster AP CPUs Process small frames and collisions faster
Increase channel bandwidth closer to theoretical max
More AP memory Larger table sizes Better handle very high BSSID count environments
Clients converge to 2SS Increase per-STA burst rate even in narrow channels
Get clients off the air faster
802.11ac Impact Promise VHD Impact
Broad-based DFS channel support
Open up 15 channels (FCC domains) Add up to 750Mbps of capacity
Faster AP CPUs Process small frames and collisions faster
Increase channel bandwidth closer to theoretical max
More AP memory Larger table sizes Better handle very high BSSID count environments
802.11ac Impact Promise VHD Impact
Broad-based DFS channel support
Open up 15 channels (FCC domains) Add up to 750Mbps of capacity
Faster AP CPUs Process small frames and collisions faster
Increase channel bandwidth closer to theoretical max
802.11ac Impact Promise VHD Impact
Broad-based DFS channel support
Open up 16 channels (FCC domains) Add up to 800 Mbps of capacity @ 50Mbps/channel
Why 802.11ac Does Matter for VHD
9
80-MHz vs. 40-MHz vs. 20-MHz Channel Widths
10#ATM16
12 x 40-MHzChannels Only 6 x 80-MHz
Channels (2 non-DFS)
Do not use ch. 144 until 802.11ac > 50%
Allowed Channels (FCC regulated countries)
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More channels = more distance between same-channel APs
Why 20-MHz Channels – Reuse Distance
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Why 20-MHz Channels – More RF Reasons
Reduced Retries – Bonded channels are more exposed to interference on sub-channels
Reduced Retries – Bonded channels are more exposed to interference on sub-channels
Using 20-MHz channels allows some channels to get through even if others are temporarily blocked
Higher SINRs – Bonded channels have higher noise floors (3dB for 40-MHz, 6dB for 80-MHz)
Higher SINRs – Bonded channels have higher noise floors (3dB for 40-MHz, 6dB for 80-MHz)
20-MHz channels experience more SINR for the same data rate, providing extra link margin in both directions
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Why 20-MHz Channels - Performance
Which Chariot test will deliver higher goodput?
Each test uses the exact same 80-MHz bandwidth
Each test uses the exact same number of STAs
Both VHT40 BSS will victimize each other with ACI
All four VHT20 BSS will victimize each other
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5 10 25 50 75 100 0 Mbps
50 Mbps
100 Mbps
150 Mbps
200 Mbps
250 Mbps
300 Mbps
VHT20x4 UpVHT20x4 BidirectVHT40x2 UpVHT40x2 BidirectVHT80x1 UpVHT80x1 Bidirect Down Up Bidirect
Clients
VHT20 Beats VHT40 & VHT80 – 1SS Clients
VHT80 falls off at 25 STAs
VHT40 falls off at 75 STAs
15
DFS Channels
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General Rule
Use DFS channels for VHD areas!!The number of collision domains is the primary constraint on VHD capacityThe number of STAs per collision domain is the second major constraint on capacityVHD networks are ultimately about tradeoffs
The benefit of employing DFS channels almost always* outweighs the cost.
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DFS Usage Exceptions
Client capabilitiesIf more than 15-20% of the expected clients are proven to be 5-GHz capable but
unable to use DFSProven, recurring radar events
A DFS survey with the actual APs to be deployed shows regular events on specific channels.Just because certain channels are impacted do not rule out the band
Survey should be done at multiple locations & elevationsAvoid channel 144 until >50% of STAs can see it
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Balancing the Risks & Rewards
Client capabilitiesSince 2015, the vast majority of mobile devices shipping in USA support DFS
channels Non-DFS clients will be able to connect due to stacking of multiple channels
(although perhaps at lower rates)It is easily worth it to provide a reduced connect speed to a an unpredictable
minority of clients, in exchange for higher connect speeds for everyone else all the time
Radar eventsIt is worth having a small number of clients occasionally interrupted in exchange
for more capacity for everyone all the time
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Collision Domains & RF Spectrum Reuse
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What Is A Collision Domain?
A physical area in which 802.11 devices attempting to send can decode one another’s frame preambles.A moment in time.
Two nearby stations on the same channel will not collide if they send at different times.
Dynamic regions that are constantly moving in space and time based on which devices are transmitting
A collision domain is therefore an independent block of capacity in an 802.11 system.
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How We Normally Draw Collision Domains
Typical cell diagram showing radius of cell edge
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How Collision Domains Actually Work
Standard rate vs. range curve (MCS rates)
Decode limit for high-rate control frames Preamble
interference range for all frames
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Preamble Interference Radius Is HUGE
24
VHD Capacity Planning Methodology
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The Capacity Challenge
Supply vs Demand designsLimited number of timeslots / unique channels (supply)20k clients want 1Mbps+ of air time (demand)Rules of physics still apply, so…
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System vs. Channel vs. Device Throughput
Channel 1Throughput
Channel 2Throughput
Channel XThroughput
Per-DeviceThroughput
2.4 GHz 5 GHzTotalSystem Throughput
+
+
+
+
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The Capacity Challenge – Physics!
20k clients want 1Mbps+ of air time (demand-based request)
Limited number of timeslots / unique channels (supply-based design)
1 6 11 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 100 104 108 112 116 132 136 140 149 153 157 161 165
1 6 11 36 40 44 48 149 153 157 161 165
50Mbps / 1Mbps = 50 users per channel
20,000 / 50 = 400 channels
400 / 24 = 16.6 times re-use required
100Mbps / 1Mbps = 100 users per channel
20,000 / 100 = 200 channels
200 / 24 = 8.3 times re-use required
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0
Total System Throughput Formula
Where:Channels = Number of channels in use by the VHD networkAverage Channel Throughput = Weighted average goodput achievable in one channel by the expected mix of devices for that specific facilityReuse Factor = Number of RF spatial reuses possible. For all but the most exotic VHD networks, this is equal to 1 (e.g. no reuse).
𝑻𝑺𝑻=𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔∗ 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 𝑻𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒑𝒖𝒕∗𝑹𝒆𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
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Step 1 – Choose Channel Count
• US allows:• 9 non-DFS channels• 13-16 DFS channels*
• Deduct:•Channel 144•House channel(s)•Proven radar channels•AP-specific channel limitations
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Step 2 – Choose Unimpaired Channel Throughput
1 5 10 25 50 75 100 0 Mbps
50 Mbps
100 Mbps
150 Mbps
200 Mbps
250 Mbps
GS4 TCP UpGS4 TCP BidirectMBA TCP UpMBA TCP BidirectMBP TCP UpMBP TCP Bidirect
Simultaneously Transmitting Clients
Choose spatial stream mix that approximates expected device population
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Step 3 – Apply Impairment Factor
VHD Venue Type
Suggested 2.4-GHz
ImpairmentSuggested 5-
GHz Impairment** Rationale
Classroom /Lecture Hall
10% 5%
Above average duty cycles Little or no reuse of channels in the same room Structural isolation of same-channel BSS in adjacent rooms Minimal My-Fi usage
Convention Center 25% 10%
Moderate duty cycles Significant numbers of same-channel APs Large open areas with direct exposure to interference sources Non-Wi-Fi interferers Higher My-Fi usage in booth displays, presenters, attendees
Airport 25% 15% Minimal duty cycles (except for people streaming videos) Structural isolation of same-channel BSS in adjacent rooms Heavy My-Fi usage
Casino 25% 10% Low duty cycles on casino floor Low My-Fi usage
Stadium / Arena 50% 25%
Low-to-moderate duty cycles Significant numbers of same-channel APs Large open areas with direct exposure to interference sources Non-Wi-Fi interferers High My-Fi usage
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Step 4 – Choose Reuse Factor
RF spatial reuse must be assumed not to exist unless proven otherwise in VHD facilities of 10,000 seats or
less (RF = 1).
•Reuse factor is the number of devices that can use the same channel at exactly the same time•Reusing channel numbers is not the same as reusing RF spectrum
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Step 5 – Calculate TST By Band
VHD Venue TypeSuggested
5-GHz **Suggested
2.4-GHzLecture Hall 5% 10%Convention Center 10% 25%Airport 15% 25%Casino 10% 25%Stadium / Arena 25% 50%
Spatial Stream
Mix
50 Concurre
nt
75 Concurre
nt100
Concurrent1SS Device 50 Mbps 38 Mbps 31 Mbps2SS Device 100 Mbps 72 Mbps 51 Mbps3SS Device 158 Mbps 118 Mbps 78 Mbps
Channel Type
USA 5-GHz
CountNon-DFS 9DFS 11Total 20
Step 1 - Channels Step 2 – Unimpaired Throughput Step 3 – Impairment
# DescriptionChannel
s
Unimpaired
Throughput
Impaired 5-GHz TP
Impaired 2.4-GHz
TPReus
e 5-GHz TST 2.4-GHz TST
1 Non-DFS Lecture Hall 9 + 3 100Mbps 95Mbps 90Mbps 1 9 * 95Mbps = 855
Mbps3 * 90Mbps = 270
Mbps
2 DFS Arena 20 + 3 40 Mbps 30 Mbps 20 Mbps 1 20 * 40Mbps = 800 Mbps
3 * 20 Mbps = 60 Mbps
3 DFS Stadium 20 + 3 40 Mbps 30 Mbps 20 Mbps 4 3.2 Gbps 240 Mbps
Step 5 – Calculate TST By Band
# DescriptionChannel
s
Unimpaired
Throughput
Impaired 5-GHz TP
Impaired 2.4-GHz
TPReus
e 5-GHz TST 2.4-GHz TST
1 Non-DFS Lecture Hall 9 + 3 100Mbps 95Mbps 90Mbps 1 9 * 95Mbps = 855
Mbps3 * 90Mbps = 270
Mbps
2 DFS Arena 20 + 3 40 Mbps 30 Mbps 20 Mbps 1 20 * 40Mbps = 800 Mbps
3 * 20 Mbps = 60 Mbps
# DescriptionChannel
s
Unimpaired
Throughput
Impaired 5-GHz TP
Impaired 2.4-GHz
TPReus
e 5-GHz TST 2.4-GHz TST
1 Non-DFS Lecture Hall 9 + 3 100Mbps 95Mbps 90Mbps 1 9 * 95Mbps = 855
Mbps3 * 90Mbps = 270
Mbps
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Close to 3Gbps is about right…
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Per-Device Throughput Formula
Where:Associated Device Capacity (ADC) = Percentage of seating capacity with an active Wi-Fi device * average number of Wi-Fi devices per person. Typically computed per band.Device Duty Cycle = Average percent of time that any given user device attempts to transmit
𝑨𝑷𝑫𝑻=𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝑻𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒑𝒖𝒕
𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚∗𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑫𝒖𝒕𝒚 𝑪𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆
It is generally impossible to guarantee a specific per-device value in a VHD system.
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Step 1 – Estimate ADC
Start with the seating / standing capacity of the VHD area to be coveredThen estimate the take rate (50% is a common minimum) Choose the number of devices expected per person. This varies by venue type. It might be lower in a stadium and higher in a university lecture hall or convention center salon.
For example, 50% of a 70,000 seat stadium would be 35,000 devices assuming each user has a single device100% of a 1,000 seat lecture hall where every student has an average of 2.5 devices would have an ADC equal to 2,500
More users should be on 5-GHz than 2.4-GHz. ADC should be computed by frequency band. In general you should target a ratio of 75% / 25%. Association demand is assumed to be evenly distributed throughout the coverage space.
37#ATM16
Step 2 – Choose a Device Duty Cycle
•Subjective decision made by the network architect, based on expected user applications
•This duty cycle is %Time the user or device wants to perform this activity. •It is not the same as the application duty cycle!
Category Duty Cycle User & Device Behavior ExamplesBackground 5% Network keepalive / App phonehome
Checking In 10% Web browsing / Checking email / Social updates
Semi-Focused 25% Streaming scores / Online exam
Working 50% Virtual desktop
Active 100% Video streaming / Voice streaming / Gaming
38#ATM16
Examples
#Descriptio
nSeat
sTake Rate
Devices/
Person ADC
3 DFS Stadium 60K 50% 1 30K
#Descriptio
nSeat
sTake Rate
Devices/
Person ADC
1 Lecture Hall 500 75% 2.5 938
#Descriptio
nSeat
sTake Rate
Devices/
Person ADC
2 DFS Arena 20K 50% 1 10K
5-GHz Per-Device Goodput
2.4-GHz Per-Device Goodput
5-GHz Per-Device Goodput
2.4-GHz Per-Device Goodput
5-GHz Per-Device Goodput
2.4-GHz Per-Device Goodput
Band Split
Duty Cycle
5-GHz TST
2.4-GHz TST
50/50 20% 855 Mbps
270 Mbps
Band Split
Duty Cycle
5-GHz TST
2.4-GHz TST
75/25 10% 800 Mbps 60 Mbps
Band Split
Duty Cycle
5-GHz TST
2.4-GHz TST
75/25 10% 3.2 Gbps
240 Mbps
500 * 75% * 2.5 = 938 938 / 2 = 469
20,000 * 50% * 1 = 10,000
60,000 * 50% * 1 = 30,000
10K * 75% = 7,500
30K * 75% = 22,500
If only 1 or 2 reuses is actually achieved, drops by 50-75%
39
Basic RF Design for Very High Density Coverage Areas
40#ATM16
RF Coverage Strategies
Overhead Coverage: APs are placed on a ceiling, catwalk, roof, or other mounting surface directly above the users to be served.
Side Coverage: APs are mounted to walls, beams, columns, or other structural supports that exist in the space to be covered.
Floor Coverage: This design creates picocells using APs mounted in, under, or just above the floor of the coverage area.
Radio coverage can be done in three ways, regardless of the type of area to be served
APs with integrated antennas are used for any VHD area of under 5,000 seats (very few exceptions)
41#ATM16
Overhead Coverage
•Overhead coverage is a good choice when uniform signal is desired everywhere in the room. •No RF spatial reuse is possible because of the wide antenna pattern and multipath reflections. •Integrated antenna APs should always be used for ceilings of 10 m (33 ft) or less.•Note the 20-MHz channel width, and that no channel number is used more than once. •This is an example of a static, non-repeating channel plan intentionally chosen by the wireless architect. •Requires access the ceiling with minimal difficulty or expense to pull cable and install equipment.
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Examples – Overhead Coverage #1
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Examples – Overhead Coverage #2
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Side Coverage
•Wall, beam, and column installations with side-facing coverage are very common in VHD areas. •Some ceilings are too difficult to reach, others have costly finishing that cannot be touched, or there may be no ceiling such as open-air atriums.•No RF spatial reuse in indoor environments is possible when mounting to walls or pillars. •50% of the wall-mounted AP signals are lost to the next room (and 75% of the signal in the corners). •Note that adjacent APs on the same wall always skip at least one channel number.
45#ATM16
What Does No RF Spatial Reuse Mean?
-55dBm Filter -60dBm Filter -65dBm Filter
Every AP can be heard everywhere in the room
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Examples – Side Coverage
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Floor Coverage
•Venues <= 10K seats should always use overhead or side coverage. •Above > 10K seats, a more exotic option called “picocell” has been proven to deliver significant capacity increases.•Density of picocell can be much higher than overhead or side coverage. •Picocell design leverages absorption that occurs to RF signals as they pass through a crowd (known as “crowd loss”).•Cost and complexity of picocells may not always justify the extra capacity generated.
48#ATM16
Examples - Picocell
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Aruba 802.11ac Indoor APs•Buy the highest performance AP that you can afford for VHD areas.•The rest of your deployment may use a more economical model. •Use the right tool for the job.
50#ATM16
Choosing an AP Model for VHD Areas
AP-225 is faster with 3SS clients
3SS Laptop – VHT80 2SS Laptop – VHT80
AP-205 works well up to 25 concurrent clients
AP-225 is best beyond 50 clients
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AP Placement for Adjacent VHD Areas
Place APs all facing same direction. Stagger horizontal placements.
Same rules apply to wall deployments. Use rear lobe to your advantage.
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Back-to-Back APs on Same Wall
53
Example:Adjacent Large Auditoriums
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Typical Multi-Auditorium Scenario• Hotel conference center or
university building with multiple adjacent auditoriums
• Dimensioning metrics:
Physical Layout
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Understanding Offered Load in Auditoriums
• Common apps are web browsing, email, and office collaboration.
• Class presentation and exam software, are bursty with high concurrent usage.
• Cloud service latency is not visible to users.
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Step 2/3 - Estimate Associated Device CapacityStart with seating capacity
Use per-user device to estimate ADC
Break out by frequency band.
Determine address space
Estimate staff / facility devices separately
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Step 4 - Estimate the AP Count
Take 5-GHz ADC
Divide by per-radio metric
58#ATM16
Calculate System Throughput (Excluding CCI)
Take AP count Multiply by estimated channel capacity
Convert to channels Total maximum load if zero CCI
59#ATM16
Total System Throughput Formula
Where:•Channels = Number of channels in use by the VHD network•Average Channel Throughput = Weighted average goodput achievable in one channel by the expected mix of devices for that specific facility•Reuse Factor = Number of RF spatial reuses possible. For all but the most exotic VHD networks, this is equal to 1 (e.g. no reuse).
𝑻𝑺𝑻=𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒔∗ 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝑻𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒑𝒖𝒕∗𝑹𝒆𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
60#ATM16
Estimating Unimpaired Channel Throughput
Choose spatial stream mix that approximates expected device population
Choose estimated number of simultaneously transmitting clients
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Understanding CCI & Estimating Reuse Factor
DFS channels minimize reuse
Same-channel APs are widely spaced
Avoiding DFS channels means greatly increased CCI
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Calculate Total System Throughput (Including CCI)
Model different reuse factors
Revised capacity for DFS scenario
Revised capacity for non-DFS scenario
Most likely outcomes
The TST directly dimensions the required WAN uplink.
63#ATM16
Effect of Beacon Rates in High-BSSID Facilities
1 2 31 0.44% 0.89% 1.33%
5 2.22% 4.44% 6.67%
10 4.44% 8.89% 13.33%
15 6.67% 13.33% 20.00%
20 8.89% 17.77% 26.66%
25 11.11% 22.22% 33.33%
30 13.33% 26.66% 39.99%
35 15.55% 31.10% 46.66%
40 17.77% 35.55% 53.32%
45 20.00% 39.99% 59.99%
50 22.22% 44.43% 66.65%
APs per Channel
Number of SSIDs1 2 3
1 0.19% 0.38% 0.57%
5 0.95% 1.90% 2.86%
10 1.90% 3.81% 5.71%
15 2.86% 5.71% 8.57%
20 3.81% 7.62% 11.43%
25 4.76% 9.52% 14.28%
30 5.71% 11.43% 17.14%
35 6.67% 13.33% 20.00%
40 7.62% 15.23% 22.85%
45 8.57% 17.14% 25.71%
50 9.52% 19.04% 28.56%
APs per Channel
Number of SSIDs1 2 3
1 0.16% 0.32% 0.48%
5 0.80% 1.59% 2.39%
10 1.59% 3.18% 4.78%
15 2.39% 4.78% 7.16%
20 3.18% 6.37% 9.55%
25 3.98% 7.96% 11.94%
30 4.78% 9.55% 14.33%
35 5.57% 11.14% 16.71%
40 6.37% 12.73% 19.10%
45 7.16% 14.33% 21.49%
50 7.96% 15.92% 23.88%
APs per Channel
Number of SSIDs1 2 3
1 0.13% 0.26% 0.38%
5 0.64% 1.28% 1.92%
10 1.28% 2.56% 3.84%
15 1.92% 3.84% 5.76%
20 2.56% 5.12% 7.68%
25 3.20% 6.40% 9.59%
30 3.84% 7.68% 11.51%
35 4.48% 8.96% 13.43%
40 5.12% 10.23% 15.35%
45 5.76% 11.51% 17.27%
50 6.40% 12.79% 19.19%
APs per Channel
Number of SSIDs
Revolution Wi-Fi Capacity Planner, http://www.revolutionwifi.net/capacity-planner. Reprinted with permission.
6 Mbps Beacon Rate 18 Mbps Beacon Rate 24 Mbps Beacon Rate 36 Mbps Beacon Rate
64
Questions?
65#ATM16
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