With the passage of time

This geographical Dispersion resulted in DIALECTSDIALECTS

Pronunciation, morphology, vocabulary, and semantic that make one group of speakers different from another group of speakers of the same language.

Pronunciation, morphology, vocabulary, and semantic that make one group of speakers different from another group of speakers of the same language.

Etc.

English dialectsappeared

As a result from the regional separation of communities within the British Isles.

Involves variation in speech related Involves variation in speech related to : to :

Is focus especially on

A prominent example is

Related with the degree of

acceptance of the language

AmericanAmerican

subsystemsubsystemWith distinctive forms in only a small class of

words

Colour,Centre,Levelled, etc.

Color, Center,Leveled,etc.

Both have1. Gramatical differences (BrE) “The goverment is or are in favour of economic sanctions” (a

singular or plural verb may be used in this sentense)(AmE) “The goverment is in favour of economic sanctions”2. Lexical differences(BrE) Torch (AmE) Flashlight

ScotsScots

Hiberno-Hiberno-EnglishEnglish CanadianCanadian

EnglishEnglish

South South AfricaAfrica

AustraliaAustralia

NewNewZealandZealand

Which is Which is associated associated

withwith

The older schools The older schools and universities of and universities of

EnglandEngland

One type of One type of pronunciation ispronunciation is

RP “Received Pronunciation”

Varieties Varieties according according

toto

Varieties Varieties according according

toto

field of discoursefield of discourse

A speaker has repertoire of varieties according to field

and switches to the appropriate one as occasion demands.

Law CookeryEngineering

the mediumthe mediumattitudeattitude

Differences between

Spoken Written

to the

A gradient in attitude between

Formal Neutral Informal