Users’  Privacy  Concerns  About  Wearables:  impact  of  form  factor,  sensors  and  type  of  data  collected  

Kelly  Caine  Vivian  Genaro  Mo0  

Acknowledgements  Support:    NSF:  1314342    I’m  especially  thankful  to:  •  Vivian  Mo0  •  Jacob  Sorber  •  David  Kotz  •  Ryan  Halter  •  Amulet  team  •  hatlab  members   HATlab!

Human  Factors  

•  Underexplored  –  Threats,  risks,  implicaRons  for  designers  

•  Devise  beSer  soluRons  to  –  Ensure  users’  privacy  –  Ensure  privacy  of  those  around  wearer    –  By  understanding  their  perspecRves  

6  

Methods  •  April  and  May  2014  •  38  devices  •  59  sources  

–  15  forums  –  34  technical  websites  –  6  e-­‐commerce  websites  –  4  social  media  sites  

•  E.g.,  Amazon,    •  BestBuy  •  ExpertReviews  •  Reddit  •  Slate  •  Wearable  CompuRng  Review  

Methods  

•  >  2,000  comments    •  filtered  privacy-­‐related  comments  – 72  comments  

•  Categorized  comments  – E.g.,  “locaRon  disclosure”  

Results  

Avoid  

Avoid  listening  

Avoid  using  device/system  

Censor  self  

Hiding  

SelecRve  Sharing  

Control/Modify  

Be  careful  

Alter  for  audience  

Not  in  front  of  others  

Quietly  

Use  code  or  different  language  

MiRgate/Alleviate  

Ask  to  remove  

Ask  to  not  share  

Check  

Destroy  evidence  

Limit  distribuRon  

Be  Vague    

Implica=ons  /  Timeline  

Prevent   Control   Mi=gate  

Before   During   ADer  

Loca=on  Disclosure  

✔  

Social   ✔   ✔   ✔  

Right  to  Forget   ✔  

Discrete  Display   ✔  

Access  Control   ✔  

Users’  Fears  

Wrist-­‐Worn  Devices  

Implica=ons  /  Timeline  

Prevent   Control   Mi=gate  

Before   During   ADer  

Speech  Disclosure   ✔  

Criminal  Abuse   ✔  

Surrep==ous  Recording  

✔    

Facial  Recogni=on   ✔    

Social   ✔  

Social  Media  Synchroniza=on  

✔  

Visual  Occlusion   ✔  

Head-­‐Worn  Devices  

Wrist-­‐Worn  Devices  

Right  to  forget  

 •  ‘it  gives  a  record  of  everything  you’ve  done,  day  in  and  day  out,  possibly  even  some  things  you  don’t  want  to  be  reminded  of’  

16  

LocaRon  disclosure  

•  ‘…  stalkers  know  where  you  are  at  all  .mes  of  the  day,  know  when  you  go  to  sleep,  riding  a  car,  or  climbing  a  mountain’  

Discreet  Display  

•  ‘the  second  screen  will  act  as  sort  of  a  privacy  screen,  keeping  folks  from  reading  your  texts  by  glancing  at  your  wrist’  

Surveillance  

•  ‘[wearable  devices  are]  the  NSA's  new  best  friend’  

Head-­‐Mounted  Displays  

Speech  Disclosure  

•  ‘though  you  can’t  mind  people  overhearing  what  you  are  saying’  

Surrep==ous  Audio  and  Video  Recording  

•  Social  norms  already  frown  on  making  surrep==ous  audio  recordings  (though  it  isn't  illegal,  it  is  done  only  infrequently  and  with  an  air  of  "secret  agency"  about  it);  video  is  much  more  of  an  intrusion.’  

Sousveillence  

•  ‘There's  also  another  challenge  that  affects  not  only  those  who  wear  Glass,  but  everyone  else  around  privacy’  

Conclusion  •  privacy  concerns  are  related  to  type  of  sensors/data  –  Cameras  and  microphones  –  GPS  –  Displays  

•  Similar  to  mobile  privacy  concerns  –  ExcepRon  :  increasing  invisibility  of  wearables  

Invisibility  

Acknowledgments  

•  This  material  is  based  upon  work  supported  by  the  NaRonal  Science  FoundaRon  under  Grant  No.  1314342.  

I’m  especially  thankful  to:  •  Vivian  Mo0  •  Jacob  Sorber  •  David  Kotz  •  Ryan  Halter  •  Amulet  team  •  hatlab  members  

Want  to  Learn  More  about  Your  Users?  

Q&A  

references  

•  Cho,  G.  (Ed.).  (2010).  Smart  clothing:  technology  and  applicaRons.  CRC  Press.  Taylor  &  Francis  

•  Kai  Kunze,  Niels  Henze,  and  Koichi  Kise.  2014.  Wearable  compuRng  for  older  adults:  iniRal  insights  into  head-­‐mounted  display  usage.  In  Proceedings  of  the  2014  ACM  InternaRonal  Joint  Conference  on  Pervasive  and  Ubiquitous  CompuRng:  Adjunct  PublicaRon  (UbiComp  '14  Adjunct).  ACM,  New  York,  NY,  USA,  83-­‐86.  DOI=10.1145/2638728.2638747  hSp://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2638728.2638747  

•  Ledger,  D.,  &  McCaffrey,  D.  (2014).  Inside  Wearables  How  the  Science  of  Human  Behavior  Change  Offers  the  Secret  to  Long-­‐Term  Engagement  (p.  18).  Endeavour  Research  Report.  

•  Mo0,  V.  G.  &  Caine,  K.  E.  (2014).  Understanding  the  Wearability  of  Head-­‐mounted  Devices  from  a  Human-­‐Centered  PerspecRve.  Proceedings  of  the  InternaRonal  Symposium  on  Wearable  Computers  ISWC’14.  

•  Mo0,  V.  G.  &  Caine,  K.  E.  (2014).  Human  Factors  ConsideraRons  in  the  Design  of  Wearable  Devices.  Proceedings  of  the  Human  Factors  and  Ergonomics  Society  2014  Annual  MeeRng.  Chicago,  IL:  Human  Factors  and  Ergonomics  Society.  

•  Siewiorek,  D.,  Smailagic,  A.,  &  Starner,  T.  (2008).  ApplicaRon  Design  for  Wearable  CompuRng.  (M.  Satyanarayanan,  Ed.)  (p.  74).  Mor-­‐gan  &  Claypool.