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Energy, Climate Change, and Green are buzzwords?
Well, maybe too much buzz?
What is the problem?
How did we get here?
What can we do about it?
Global Climate Change Michael Dunn, USEPA
Overview and Perspectives March 26, 2009
Industrial Revolution
Reduce emissions
Energy-use in buildings, transportation, & industry
Perspectives on Climate Change
• What is the science and data behind our concern with Climate Change
• What might the impacts be of a warmer atmosphere?• Where are the emissions sources?• Here are some EPA programs designed to reduce emissions (+Biz
case)
– Energy Star
– Climate Leaders– State and Local Programs– Sustainable Partnership Program; customized guidance
• Assess, plan, implement, and measure• Pathway to an integrated environmental strategy.
Overview
What do we know about Climate Change
Consensus & Challenges
Scientific Consensus:
Climate change is a serious and urgent issue
Human activities have a powerful role in climate change and its associated risks and impacts
Climate change results from GHGs associated with economic activities including energy, industry, transport, and land use
Challenges:
Now and later
Requires action now for future risk
Here and there
Global risk, local impact, local action, environmental justice
Us and them
Trade-offs
GHG Emissions Scenarios
Charts and Graphs
GHG emissions are increasing
3 Areas of Concern: Mitigation (reduce GHG emissions & future impacts)
Adaptation (accommodate likely impacts)
Science and Research
Total overall GHG reductions needed from 1990 Base to contain CC:
~ 10 - 20% by 2020 ~ 60 - 80% by 2050
Climate Change Impacts
EPA Projections
Climate Leaders
Climate Change Impacts
Example: Summertime Heat
GHG Emissions Reduction - Cap & TradeRegional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
Cap and Trade program for electricity sector
States involved: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont
Observer: Pennsylvania
The program will apply to fossil fuel-fired electric generators 25 megawatts (MW) and larger
The first compliance period began on January 1, 2009.
Regional emissions would be capped at 121.3 million short tons of CO2 through 2014, and reduced to 10% below this level in 2018.
The initial cap is approximately equivalent to 1990 emissions.
States Release Results of Auction 3
2009 Allowances
Clear at $3.51
2012 Allowances Clear at $3.05
• Will these pricing policies be:– Strong enough…?– Wide enough…? – Fast enough…?
• At what price would a gas tax spur desired changes in consumption levels?
• Did the recent increase in oil prices affected the price of products made with petroleum (i.e., plastics)?
• Will all important sectors be covered?• Exploring all possible cost-effective reductions?• How long for legislative and regulatory action?
…to adequately address climate change?
GHG Emissions Reductions
Questions for Cap & Trade
Energy Policy is key, but should be complemented by targeted programs to address gaps– Bottom-up approach complements top-down
approach of proposed policies
– Fills proposed policies’ gaps related to their strength, breadth, and speed
– Sector-specific regulations?
Encourage development and use voluntary programs and offsets
– Reduce GHG emissions using creative, low-cost approaches
– Increase business efficiency
– Reduce use of materials, energy, water
– Minimize waste, transportation
GHG Emissions Reductions
Filling the gap
Conventional Sector-based View of U.S. GHG Emissions By Source
2005 U.S. Emissions: 7,260 MMTCO2E
Conventional View
• Electricity production• Automobiles and
transportation• Energy/electricity
consumption
U.S. Mobile Source GHG Emissions
By Sector (2006) U.S. Greenhouse Gases and Sinks
54%
18%
11%
8%
5%3% 1%
Cars/Light Trucks
Heavy-duty Trucks
Aviation
Nonroad
Marine
Rail
Pipelines
Systems-based View of U.S. GHG Emissions By Type and Category
View of U.S. GHG Emissions
First step to reducing emissions
Efficiency is a “cheap” and effective place to start.
Another step to reducing emissions
Indirect Lifecycle Emissions
EPA Waste/GhG Calculators
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/
WARM calculates and totals GHG emissions of baseline and alternative waste management practices—source reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, and landfilling.
RECON estimates life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy impacts from purchasing and/or manufacturing materials with varying degrees of post-consumer recycled content.
EPA Waste/GhG Calculatorshttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/
WARM calculates and totals GHG emissions of baseline and alternative waste management practices—source reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, and landfilling.
RECON estimates life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy impacts from purchasing and/or manufacturing materials with varying degrees of post-consumer recycled content.
EPA Tools and Resources
• Assess your current condition• Develop a Plan for improvements• Implement changes & upgrades• Measure and track• Continue Improvement
Highlighted EPA Program
Fuel Efficiency
MPG
Is 60 MPG high or low for an automobile?
Statement of Energy Performance
EPA Rating
Is 80 kBtu/SF/YR high or low for a building?
Rating systems for Buildings
Highlighted EPA Program
EPA Climate Leaders
• Largest corporate greenhouse gas goal-sett ing program, with over 8% of U.S. GHG emissions
• Total annual U.S. revenue of the partnership represents 10% of the U.S. Gross Domest ic Product
• Goals pledged in program reduce annual emissions equivalent to 9 million cars
• Over 200 Partners of all sizes in many sectors, with operations in all 50 states
• Climate Leaders started in 2002 with 11 charter partners• Related EPA programs for small businesses:
Energy Star: www.energystar.gov Green Power Partnership: www.epa.gov/greenpower Business Guide to EPA Climate Partnerships
EPA Programs
Climate Leaders for Low Emitters
• Growing interest by small businesses wishing to take action on climate prompted us to create simpler, non-technical tools specially designed for your needs
• Low emitters are defined as off ice-based organizations, suppliers to Climate Leaders Partners, and public institut ions such as government agencies and universities
• Low emitters typically have total corporate-wide emissions equal to less than 10,000 metric tons of CO2-equiavalent
• Tools are divided into four steps that you can tackle or delegate at your convenience:
– Get started– Calculate GHG Emissions– Create an Inventory Management Plan– Set a Reduction Goal & Track Progress
• Technical help is provided
EPA Programs
EPA’s Climate and Energy State and Local Program assists state and local governments in their clean energy efforts by providing technical assistance, analytical tools, and outreach support.
Specific assistance includes:Identifying and documenting cost-effective policies and initiatives that promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, and related clean technologies.
Measuring and evaluating the environmental, economic, and public health benefits of clean energy initiatives.
Fostering peer exchange opportunities for state and local officials to share information on best practices and innovative policies.
Offering a suite of national voluntary programs that provide partners with assistance and recognition for their clean energy actions.
www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/
EPA Programs
Mid-Atlantic SustainablePartnerships
New EPA bundled programs that will guide partners and encourage:
• Energy savings and green power use
• Recycling : Solid Waste, Building Materials, and Electronics
• Green Buildings
• Water savings, pounds of pollutants reduced, costs reduced
• Hazardous and toxic chemicals reduced
One-stop-shop for EPA programs
Global Climate Change Michael Dunn, USEPA
Overview and EPA Perspectives March 26, 2009
Thank you.
Michael [email protected]
215.814.2712
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 20131991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
4040
3636
3232
2828
2424
2020
1616
1212
88
44
00
Cents/Cents/kWhkWh
Residential Electricity Prices:Residential Electricity Prices:Scenario with Electric TransportationScenario with Electric Transportation
Benefits of Local Climate Protection
● Improve air quality
● Reduce municipal operating costs
● Save money
● Reduce traffic congestion
● Create local jobs
● Protect public health
● Improve the quality of life
● Creates legacy of leadership