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TURF AND WATER
KAREN PANTER
EXTENSION HORTICULTURE SPECIALIST
Department of Plant Sciences
University of Wyoming
LAWNS IN THE U.S.
• Home lawns cover an estimated 21 million acres
• The average lawn is 1/3 acre
• Cool the landscape
• Provide oxygen
• Anchor soil against wind and water erosion
• Provide safe surface for play and recreation
• Offers variety in the landscape
NOT THIS…..
LOW MAINTENANCE?
Many people already
• Mow sporadically
• Fertilize little
• Irrigate but not regularly
• Little effort=little return
MOWED TOO
CLOSELY
PROPER MOWING
HEIGHT
SHALLOW, FREQUENT
WATERING
DEEP, INFREQUENT
WATERING
Comparison of High, Moderate, and Low Input Lawns
High Input Moderate Input Low Input
Wear tolerance Best Good Limited
Appearance Best Good Limited
Water High Moderate Limited
Exposure Sun Sun to part shade Sun
Fertilization Spring and fall Primarily fall Fall
Species • Select KY bluegrass (KBG) cultivars
• Perennial rye• Turf-type tall
fescue
• Select KBG cultivars
• Turf-type tall fescue
• Buffalo grass (lowerelevations in WY)
• Select KBG cultivars
• Blue grama• Buffalo
Comparative season water requirement (including summer rainfall and irrigation) for Kentucky Bluegrass, Tall Fescue and Buffalograss. The typical lawn receives twice the amount of irrigation required for high input KBG.
KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS NOTES
• Bluegrass cultivars
differ little in their
water use rate
• Drought resistance
comes from the ability
to form somewhat
deeper roots than the
other bluegrasses
• Mow at 2-3 inches
• Fertilize adequately
• Irrigate deeply and
less frequently
• Cultivate (aerate) to
alleviate soil
compaction
• Water absorbing gels
are of no benefit
DROUGHT TOLERANT
KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVARS
• America
• Apollo
• Baroness
• Brilliant
• Impact
• Mallard
• Midnight
• Midnight II
• Monlight
• Rugby II
• Showcase
• Total Eclipse
• Unique
TURF-TYPE TALL FESCUES
• 3rd millenium SRP
• AST 7002, 9001, 9002, 9003
• Biltmore
• Bullseye
• Cezanne
• Compete
• Darlington
• Einstein
• Escalade
• Faith
• Firecracker LS
• Firenza
• Gazelle II
• Hudson
• Hunter
• Justice
• Lindbergh
• Magellan
• Monet
• Mustang 4
• Padre
• Raptor II
• Rembrandt
• Renovate
• Reunion
• Rhambler SRP
• Skyline
• Speedway
• Spyder LS
• SR 8650
• Talladega
• Tulsa Time
• Turbo
• Van Goh
• Wolfpack II
FINE FESCUES
• Chewing– Ambassador
– Compass
– Intrigue 2
– J-5 (Jamestown 5)
– LaCrosse
– Longfellow II
– SR 5130
– Treasure II
– Zodiac
• Creeping– Aberdeen
– Audubon
– Cardinal
– Class One
– Epic
– Fortitude (TL 53)
– Garnet
– Pathfinder
– Shoreline
– Wendy Jean
FINE FESCUES (CONT.)
• Hard
– Berkshire
– Firefly
– Gotham
– Oxford
– Predator
– Reliant IV
– Scaldis
– Spartan II
– SR 3000
• Sheep
– Quatro
WATER SOURCE AND
QUALITY ARE IMPORTANT
• Municipal
• Well
• Surface
• Gray
• Salts
• Pathogens
• Nutrients
• Bicarbonates
MUNICIPAL WATER
• Typically decent quality
• Dissolved salts may be problematic
WELL WATER
• Depth is important
• Dissolved minerals
• Bicarbonates
SURFACE WATER
• Particulates
• Dissolved salts
• Pathogens
• Other
GRAY WATER
• Typically not viable
• Reuse of water from baths, showers,
washing machines, sinks
• Often contains bacteria and other potential
pathogens
• Thus is a public health issue, not a water
conservation strategy
• May be regulated
GRAY WATER CONTENTS
• If it comes from baths, showers, washing machines, sinks
– Potential bacteria, other pathogens
– Soaps
– Shampoos
– Conditioners
– Bleaches
– Fabric softeners
– Oils and greases
GRAY WATER IN WYOMING
• Wyoming Gray Water
• WY allows for aerated irrigation using gray water
– But must be NO risk of contact with• Humans
• Animals
• Edible crops (particularly by spray)
• Not to be confused with black water
– Toilet discharge
General guidelines for salinity hazard of irrigation water based upon conductivity.
Limitations for use Electrical conductivity
(dS/m)*
None ≤0.75
Some 0.76 – 1.5
Moderate1 1.51-3.00
Severe2 ≥3.00
*dS/m at 25°C = mmhos/cm1Leaching required at higher range2Good drainage needed and sensitive plants may have difficulty at germination
pH: 7.8
pH is High. pH 6 to 7.2 is the preferred pH range for growth of most plants, but most plants tolerate this higher pH with little problem.
Electrical Conductivity or Salts: 3.0
Slightly saline (E.C. = 2 to 4): salt sensitive plants can be affected. (e.g. carrot, green bean, onion, pea, radish, raspberry, strawberry). Avoid adding manure or animal-based compost since these often contain high levels of salt and will make the salinity problem worse. Leaching is the only practical way to remove excess salts. Add 6 inches of high-quality water (low in salts) to leach about 1/2 of the salt and lower soil E.C. to less than 2.0.
Lime: Very High
Very High: Lime is greater than 5%. Plants can still grow quite well in soil with this lime content.
Texture Estimate: Sandy Clay Loam
This soil may drain at a low to very low rate. Watering schedules may have to be increased to allow for better water infiltration into the soil profile.
Sodium Absorption Ratio: 3.8
Low: Sodium is not a problem.
Organic Material: 5.6
Organic Matter is High; no additional OM e.g. compost is needed. You don't need to build up the OM content of this soil beyond existing levels, but rather focus on protecting and replenishing the OM content e.g.by using organic mulch. Also consider a fall-planted cover crop to be used as a green manure.
Nitrate: 21
N is low: Apply 0.2 lb N/100 sq ft to the soil. For each 0.1 lb of N needed, apply about 1/4 lb urea, or 1/2 lb ammonium sulfate, or 3/4 lb bloodmeal, or 1 lb corn gluten meal, or 5 lb alfalfa meal pellets per 100 sq.ft. Other fertilizers can be used as well. Check with your local garden center or home improvement store to determine what
mmhos/cm
ppm
Soil Test Report
Lab ID Number: H2374a
Report Date: 5/28/2013
Plant Type: Vegetable Garden
Company Name:
Contact Name: Jodie Atherton Street Address: 915 S. 10th Street
City: Laramie
State: WY
Zip: 82070
Phone: (307) 742-4651
Email Address: [email protected]
Client Type: Homeowner
Date Rcvd: 5/10/2013
Test Performed By: JS TD TCP
Current Plant Type: Vegetable Garden
Proposed Plant Type: Vegetable Garden
County: Albany
Colorado State University
Soil, Water and Plant Testing Laboratory
Room A319, NESB
Phone: 970-491-5061 / Fax: 970-491-293
Current Irrigation: irrigation water
Current Amendments: -
Date Tested: 5/20/2013
%
Invoice #:
Sample ID: #1
Ext:
SOIL TEST 2013
VEGETABLE GROWER
WYOMING
pH: 7.8
pH is High. pH 6 to 7.2 is the preferred pH range for growth of most plants, but most plants tolerate this higher pH with little problem.
Electrical Conductivity or Salts: 3.0
Slightly saline (E.C. = 2 to 4): salt sensitive plants can be affected. (e.g. carrot, green bean, onion, pea, radish, raspberry, strawberry). Avoid adding manure or animal-based compost since these often contain high levels of salt and will make the salinity problem worse. Leaching is the only practical way to remove excess salts. Add 6 inches of high-quality water (low in salts) to leach about 1/2 of the salt and lower soil E.C. to less than 2.0.
Lime: Very High
Very High: Lime is greater than 5%. Plants can still grow quite well in soil with this lime content.
Texture Estimate: Sandy Clay Loam
This soil may drain at a low to very low rate. Watering schedules may have to be increased to allow for better water infiltration into the soil profile.
Sodium Absorption Ratio: 3.8
Low: Sodium is not a problem.
Organic Material: 5.6
Organic Matter is High; no additional OM e.g. compost is needed. You don't need to build up the OM content of this soil beyond existing levels, but rather focus on protecting and replenishing the OM content e.g.by using organic mulch. Also consider a fall-planted cover crop to be used as a green manure.
Nitrate: 21
N is low: Apply 0.2 lb N/100 sq ft to the soil. For each 0.1 lb of N needed, apply about 1/4 lb urea, or 1/2 lb ammonium sulfate, or 3/4 lb bloodmeal, or 1 lb corn gluten meal, or 5 lb alfalfa meal pellets per 100 sq.ft. Other fertilizers can be used as well. Check with your local garden center or home improvement store to determine what
mmhos/cm
ppm
Soil Test Report
Lab ID Number: H2374a
Report Date: 5/28/2013
Plant Type: Vegetable Garden
Company Name:
Contact Name: Jodie Atherton Street Address: 915 S. 10th Street
City: Laramie
State: WY
Zip: 82070
Phone: (307) 742-4651
Email Address: [email protected]
Client Type: Homeowner
Date Rcvd: 5/10/2013
Test Performed By: JS TD TCP
Current Plant Type: Vegetable Garden
Proposed Plant Type: Vegetable Garden
County: Albany
Colorado State University
Soil, Water and Plant Testing Laboratory
Room A319, NESB
Phone: 970-491-5061 / Fax: 970-491-293
Current Irrigation: irrigation water
Current Amendments: -
Date Tested: 5/20/2013
%
Invoice #:
Sample ID: #1
Ext:
fertilizers are available in your area. When calculating fertilizer rates take the amount of N needed and divide by the % N in the fertilizer. For example, if your fertilizer contains 30% N, take 0.20 lbs (N needed) divided by 0.30 (N in the fertilizer) to get 0.7 lb of the 30% N fertilizer that is needed to apply per 100 sq.ft. For rates per 1000 sq. ft multiply the quantities by 10.
Phosphorus: 56
Phosphorus is High; No additional Phosphorus is needed.
Potassium: 818.5
Potassium is High; No additional K20 is needed.
Zinc: 3.1
Zinc is Adequate; No additional Zn is needed.
Iron: 3.4
Iron is Low; Add 4 oz. of Iron (Fe) per 1000 sq.ft. as iron chelate.
Manganese: 2.1
Manganese is Adequate; No additional Mn is needed.
Copper: 1.1
Copper is Adequate; No additional Cu is needed.
Boron: 0.22
Boron is High. No additional boron is needed.
Additional Comments:
More information on landscaping and gardening can be found at www.ext.colostate.edu Be sure to check out our website at www.soiltestinglab.colostate.edu for a list of garden centers where you can find a variety of fertilizers and soil amendments.
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Gypsum is NOT Needed.
Copyright: Colorado State University 2011Design by: Phil DeJong [email protected]
James R Self, Ph.D, Director, Soil, Water and Plant Testing Lab
Gypsum:
WATER REPORT #1
2013 SAME GROWER
WATER REPORT #2
SAME GROWER
BOTTOM LINE
What do you suppose
we recommended?
