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Prezentacija Svetline Filipove, pravnog savetnika Sekretarijata energetske zajednice, sa Prvog međunarodnog simpozijuma "Životna sredina i energetika - Šta čeka Srbiju". -2. mart 2012.
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1- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Energy Community Treaty
Large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC
Tsvetelina Filipova
March 2, 2012
2- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Focus
• An overview of Energy Community Treaty
• Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants
into the air from large combustion plants –overview of key
requirements
• Contracting Parties (CP) transposition status
• CPs implementation status
• GHG Emissions Study
• The way forward to ensure full implementation by the deadline
3- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
The Energy Community: Key Facts
Energy Community Treaty: entry into force 2006
Stakeholders:
- Parties: The EU and 9 Contracting Parties (AL, BiH, CR, FYRMK, MNE, SR, UNMIK + MD - 2010 and UA - 2011)
- 15 Participants: EU Member States
- 4 Observers: Georgia; Norway; Turkey; Armenia
Objectives and Means :
- Create a single and stable regulatory space – the regional energymarket to be fully integrated with the EU internal energy market
- Application of the EU acquis through the implementation of theEnergy Community Treaty
* Third EU energy liberalization package – Ministerial Council(October 2011), BUT to be implemented by 1 January 2015
4- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Institutional framework
Energy Community
Ministerial Council
Permanent High Level Group
Energy Community Regulatory Board
Electricity - Athens; Gas - Maribor;
Social – Presidency; Oil - Belgrade
Secretariat
European UnionCouncil of the EU: Transport,
Telecommunication and Energy
COREPER
Electricity – Florence; Gas – Madrid;
Citizens – London; Oil - Berlin
ERGEG / ACER
European Commission
FORA
NRA
Gov.
Min.
Indep.
5- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
the acquis on environment...
• Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU sets
stricter ELV based on BAT from 1/1/16
By virtue of Article 16 (ii) of the Treaty Establishing the Energy Community
Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into
the air from large combustion plants by December 31, 2017. (LCPD)
Article 15 After the entry into force of this Treaty, the construction and
operation of new generating plants shall comply with the acquis
communautaire on environment.
6- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
LCP Directive 2001/80/EC scope
• Aims to reduce emissions of SO2, NOx and dust to protect human health and environment
• Emission limit values (concentrations) are fuel / capacity / age dependent
• Covers LCPs in power sector, refineries, iron and steel, paper, sugar, chemicals and others
• Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
(except waste covered by WID)
Combustion Plants with rated thermal input ≥ 50 MW
7- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Groups of Plants
Three separate groups of plants
– „existing‟ permitted before 1 July 1987
– „new‟ permitted before 27 Nov 2002
– „new new‟ permitted after 27 Nov 2002
8- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
LCPs
• NEW NEW plans have to comply with the (stricter) emission limit
values for SO2, NOx and dust fixed in part B of the Annexes III to VII.
• NEW plants have to comply with the (less strict) emission limit values
fixed in part A of the Annexes III to VII of the LCP Directive.
• The LCP Directive requires significant emission reductions from
"existing plants" to be achieved by 1 January 2008:
a) by individual compliance with the emission limit
values established for new plants or
b) through a national emission reduction plan
(NERP) that achieves overall reductions calculated
using the emission limit values.
or by mixing options a) and b)
EC Guidelines to assist a MS in the preparation
of a NERP
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/sta
tionary/national_plans.htm
9- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
LCPD ELVS
LCPDMW Biomass Biomass
Plant exist. new exist. new exist.* new* new exist. new exist. new exist.* new* new exist. new exist. new exist. new
50-100 2000 850 1700 850 35 35 200 600 400 450 400 300 150 400 50 50
100-300 200 1700 400-
200
(lin.
decr.)
35 35 200 600 400 450 200 300 150 300
>300 200 1700-
400
(lin.
decr);
200 35 35 200 600 400 450 200 300 100 200
>500 400 400 500*** 400 200 100
DUST mg/Nm3
2000-
500
(lin.
decr.
100-
500M
W)
NOx mg/Nm3 (O2 content 3%)ELV SO2 mg/Nm3 (O2 content 6%)
Soild Liquid Gasous Soild Liquid Gasous
50
Soild
30
Liquid Gasous
50 5**
30
5**
*depending on the type of gas fuel
** see for specific cases Annex VII
*** 200 (>500-after 1.1.2016)
10- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Emission Th. Capacity
MW
BREF – BAT
mg/m3
LCPD (IED)
mg/m3
New
Installation
Existing
Installation
New
Installation
Existing
Installation
SO2
50 – 100 200 – 400
150 – 400
(FBC)
200 – 400
150 – 400
(FBC)
850
400
2000
400
100 – 300 100 – 200 100 – 250
200
200
lineare Dec.
from 2000
to 400
250
> 300 20 – 150
100 – 200
(CFBC/
PFBC)
20 – 200
100 – 200
(CFBC/
PFBC)
200
150
200 FBC
400
200
Emission Limit Values Hardcoal and Lignite: SO2 (O2 6% )
LCPD (Annex III) LCP-BREF, and IED
11- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Emission Th. Capacity
MW
BREF – BAT
mg/m3
LCPD – (IED)
mg/m3
New
Installation
Existing
Installation
New
Installation
Existing
Installation
NO2
50 – 100 200 – 450
lignite
200 – 450
lignite
400
300 400
lignite (450)
50 - 500 MW
= 600
> 500 MW
= 500
till 01.01.2016
50 - 500 MW = 450
> 500 MW = 200
100 – 300 100 – 200
lignite
100 – 200
lignite
200
200 lignite
> 300 150
Ex Inst= 200
> 300 50 – 200
lignite
50 – 200
lignite
LCPD (Annex VI), LCP-BREF and IED -
Emission Limit Values for Hardcoal and Lignite: NO2
12- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Emission th. Capacity
MW
BREF – BAT
mg/m3
LCP – Dir. (IED)
mg/m3
New
Installation
Existing
Installation
New
Installation
Existing
Installation
Dust
50 – 100 5 – 20 5 – 30 50
20
> 500 MW
-50 mg/m3
< 500 MW
-100 mg/m3
(30/25/20)
100 – 300 5 – 20 5 - 25
30
> 300 = 10> 300 5 – 10 5 - 20
LCPD (Annex VII) LCP-BREF, and IED
Emission Limit Values for Hardcoal and Lignite: Dust
13- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
The process up to now within the Energy Community Treaty on LCPD
• Secretariat prepared LCP inventory templates and implementations
questionnaires
• Most of the CPs filled in templates - data 2010
• A preliminary report on implementation is being prepared which will be
finalyzed by mid March, 2012
At the Third Task Force meeting (May 23, 2012), the TF members
agreed to prepare and present a report, on a plant-by-plant basis,
which will include:
• CP approach on how to implement the requirements and ELVs of the
LCP Directive.
• CP choice between NERPs and/or ELVs,
• Information on measures to be taken for each individual plant, (incl if
they are planned to be decommissioned or retrofitted, and timeline.
• Use of flexibility options (e.g. limiting the hours of operation under Article
4(4)).
14- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Preliminary Report – key findings
Large Combustion Plants 2001/80/EC
• Focus on LCPs from power generation and refineries sectors
relevant to Network Energy
• The LCPs operating in the CPs are considered existing and
new.
• Often this separation is not fully compliant with the definitions
set in the Directive since many transposing acts are linking the
definition of existing plant with the date of enactment.
• In most of the CPs, since no plants were licensed between
2002 and the date of publishing of the relevant acts thus in the
meaning of directive they are generally considered “existing”.
15- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Preliminary Report – transposition
Large Combustion Plants 2001/80/EC
• Majority of the CP has adopted in the last 5 years legislation
transposing the LCPD. Not all legislation has been reviewed –
unavailable translations (UA, MD)
• In most of the cases the transposition is satisfactory and full
transposition can be achieved with minor revisions and
amendments of the current acts.
• More substantial amendments are needed for BiH for existing
plants and UNMIK
• Annexes are mostly literally transposed – it is interesting to note
that the ELVs for new plants are provisioned in Montenegro also
for the existing one, thus the existing plant will be expected to
comply with these ELVs by December 31, 2024 (non compliance)
• Most of the acts reviewed stipulate derogations as provisioned in the
directive (limited hours of operation, fuel-specific etc.)
16- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Preliminary Report – main transposing acts
Large Combustion Plants 2001/80/EC
Albania Law no. 10 448, dated 14.07.2011, "ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITTING"
BiH Regulation on emission limit values into the air from large combustion plants
(O.G. FBiH 12/05) and Regulation on emission limit values into the air from
large combustion plants (O.G. RS 39/05). (regulate new plants only)
Croatia Regulation on limit values for pollutant emissions from stationary sources into
the air (OG 21/07 and 150/08)
fYR
Macedonia
Rulebook on the limit values for the permissible levels of emissions and types
of pollutants in the exhaust gases and vapours emitted in the air from stationary
sources (OG 141/10)
Moldova Instruction Nr. 381 from 16.08.2004 on the calculation of pollution into the air
from stationary sources (transposition not reviewed)
Montenegro Decree on Emission Limit Values from Stationary Sources (OG 10/2011)
Serbia Regulation on Emission Limits Value of Pollutant in the air (Official Gazette of
the RS, No ??/2010).
UNMIK Decree from 22.10.2008 N 541/ N 1110/15801 approving technical standards
of permissible emissions of pollutants from power plants with rated thermal
input exceeding 50 MW
Ukraine Administrative Instruction (AI) on Rules and standards of the discharges in air
by the stationary resources of pollution, No. 6/2007
17- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Preliminary Report - Implementation
• NERP: Some of the CPs are in process of preparation of NERP incl.
fYR Macedonia, UNMIK. Only Croatia has a finalized NERP.
• NERP preparation is provisioned in Albania and Serbian legislation
but no info on its status
• End of lifetime: Not all CPs communicated expected date/planned
end of operational life of the plants (BiH, fYR Macedonia and UNMIK
reported dates (2017))
• Electrostatic precipitators are most commonly used dust emissions
abetment techniques, rarely scrubbers are installed, as well as low
NOx burner, cyclone, desulfurization is not common
The existing plants are expected to comply
with ELVs as stipulated in the Directive by
latest the end of 2017, however it was
observed that a few countries have granted
longer period to the LCP to align with these
requirements
18- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Existing LCPs
Situation between countries varies a lot in terms of main energy sources, installed capacity, fuel used, emissions
• Albania - only 1 new plant Vlora and refineries
• BiH - 4 (a few units) and refineries
• Montenegro - one existing TPP
• UNMIK - 2 (a few units)
• fYR Macedonia – 4 existing TPPs and refineries
• Croatia, Serbia and Ukraine - a lot of TPP and refineries
19- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Snapshot
on fuel predominantly used and ELVs observance in CPs
CP Main FUEL Above ELVs
Albania solid New plant, comply with ELVs
BiH solid SO2 and dust
Croatia liquid and gaseous 10 LCPs no SO2, rest 2-3 times
above
fYR Macedonia solid SO2 and dust major problems
Moldova gaseous No data
Montenegro solid No data
Serbia solid, liquid and
gaseous
No data
UNMIK solid Major problem with dust
Ukraine solid, liquid and
gaseous
SO2, NOx and dust times above
the ELVs
20- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Participation of CP in Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions for Base Scenarios
• Source: Study on the Potential for Climate Change Combating in Power Generation in the Energy Community, March 2012
• http://www.energy-community.org/portal/page/portal/ENC_HOME/AREAS_OF_WORK/Environment/study_climate_change
Year Albania B&H Croatia FYR
Macedonia
Montenegro Serbia UNMIK TOTAL
2010 2.5% 12.3% 11.2% 10.8% 3.0% 46.2% 14.1% 100.0%
2011 2.1% 13.6% 10.8% 10.7% 3.0% 45.7% 14.1% 100.0%
2012 2.2% 13.9% 10.8% 10.7% 3.0% 45.5% 13.8% 100.0%
2013 2.1% 13.6% 12.9% 11.0% 2.4% 45.5% 12.5% 100.0%
2014 2.1% 13.8% 14.7% 9.5% 2.4% 45.2% 12.3% 100.0%
2015 2.3% 14.6% 14.9% 9.7% 2.1% 43.8% 12.6% 100.0%
2016 2.3% 14.5% 14.8% 9.3% 2.1% 44.9% 12.1% 100.0%
2017 2.5% 14.8% 15.6% 9.9% 2.0% 43.1% 12.2% 100.0%
2018 2.7% 15.3% 13.9% 10.0% 2.0% 43.9% 12.2% 100.0%
2019 2.9% 15.6% 12.0% 10.7% 2.1% 44.4% 12.3% 100.0%
2020 3.2% 16.7% 8.2% 11.2% 2.1% 45.6% 12.9% 100.0%
21- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
NOx Emissions Scenarios
Alternative
Scenarios
Base
Scenarios
22- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
SO2 Emissions Scenarious /Gg/
• Base Scenarios
• Alternative Scenarios
23- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Particulate Emission Scenarios /t/
Base Scenarios
Alternative
Scenarios
24- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
LCPD the way forward
Techniques for pollution prevention and reduction
are available and mature
SO2: low S coal, flue gas desulphurisation (dry/wet)
NOx: combustion modifications, SNCR, SCR
Dust: electrostatic precipitators, bag filters
LCP Directive emission limit values
can be achieved by applying the
Best Available Techniques (BAT)
25- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Measures planned to be implemented
• Use of best available technologies in energy
production plants
• Installation of equipment for abatement of emissions
of particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides from waste gases from combustion plants,
• Use of liquid oil fuels with a sulphur content of less
than 1%, which will be made possible by the
upgrading of national refineries to make their fuel
production compliant with Directive 1999/32/EC,
• Use of low-sulphur solid fuels
• Higher share of use of alternative and renewable
energy sources (biogas, wind and solar energy)
• Setting up a centralised system for monitoring
continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into
the air from the stationary sources
26- prepared by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Thank you