Transcending Silos: Shared Canvas Data Model for Digital Facsimiles

Transcending Silos: Shared Canvas DLF Forum 2012, November 4-5, Denver CO, USA

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Transcending Silos: Linked Data Model for Collaborative Access to Digital Facsimiles

Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory @azaroth42

Benjamin Albritton, Tom Cramer {blalbrit,tcramer}@stanford.edu Stanford University @bla222, @tcramer

http://www.shared-canvas.org/


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Overview

•  Data Model Requirements •  SharedCanvas Model by Example •  Further Modelling Issues •  Non Manuscript Examples


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Data Model Requirements

Working at physical item level provides unique challenges!

1. Only parts of pages may be digitized

•  Only illuminations digitized

•  Fragments of pages

•  Multiple fragments per image

•  Information about non-digitized parts may still exist

Cod. Sang. 1394: 10.5076/e-codices-csg-1394


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2. Page may not be digitized at all

•  Not "interesting" enough

•  Digitization destructive

•  Page no longer exists

•  Page only hypothetical

This page intentionally, but unfortunately,

left blank

Countless manuscripts, all around the world!


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3. Non-rectangular objects

•  Fashionable heart shaped manuscripts

•  Fragments

•  Pages with foldouts

Facsimile of BNF Rothschild 2973 http://www.omifacsimiles.com/brochures/montchen.html


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4. Alignment of multiple images of same object

•  Multi-spectral imaging

•  Multiple resolutions

•  Image tiling

•  Microfilm vs photograph

•  Multiple digitizations

Archimedes Palimpsest Multi-Spectral Images http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/


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5. Multiple page orders over time •  Rebinding

•  Scholarly disagreement on reconstruction

6. Pages of the manuscript held by different institutions, in different countries, with different metadata, digitized in different ways, …

Cod Sang 730: 10.5706/e-codices-csg-0730a


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7. Transcription of: •  Text •  Music

•  Musical Notation •  Performance

•  Diagrams

8. Plus scholarly commentary on all of the above resources

Parker CCC 008, f1r


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CCC 26 f. iiiR

Naïve Approach: Annotate an Image


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CCC 26 f. iiiR Fold A Open

Naïve Approach: Annotate which Image?


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CCC 26 f. iiiR Fold A Open Fold A and B Open

Naïve Approach: Annotate which Images?


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CCC 26 f. iiiR Fold A Open Fold A and B Open f. iiiV

Naïve Approach: …?!


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Naïve Approach: …?!!@!(%*^%(!!!!!?!

Text spanning Fragments? With the fragments in multiple images? And the missing text is known? Missing page with known text? Performance or transcription of music? Multiple texts to overlay, eg edition vs translation? …?


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Canvas Paradigm

•  A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display •  Well-known concept, eg HTML, PDF


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Canvas Paradigm

•  A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display •  A SharedCanvas's top left and bottom right corners correspond to the equivalent corners of a [rectangular bounding box around a] page


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Canvas Paradigm: Implementation

Empty space is not hard to implement!


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Painting the Canvas?

Requirements: •  Need to allow distributed association of resources with the Canvas, or part of the Canvas •  Any type of resource, or part of a resource, should be able to be painted •  Need to allow users to comment about the Canvas, or part of it, or any of the resources

Solution: •  Associate resources and commentary using Open Annotations!


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Sidebar: Basic Open Annotation

Basic model has only three components: Body (the comment), Target (the resource being annotated) and the Annotation itself.


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Sidebar: Open Annotation

Provenance and other metadata should be attached to help clients interpret the Annotation.


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Sidebar: Segments in Open Annotation


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Annotations to Paint Images

Open Annotation with single Target (Canvas) and Body (Image)


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Annotations to Paint Images

An oa:Choice with a default and 1 or more options for the image.


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Annotations to Paint Images: Implementation


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Annotations to Paint Text

Specific Resource with Selector to define an area of the Canvas

And also need Text Selectors to describe the appropriate part of the text...


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Annotations to Paint Text


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Annotations to Paint Text: Implementation


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Image Segments


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Image Segments: Implementation


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Audio Segments


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Audio Segments: Implementation


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[Scholarly] Commentary


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[Scholarly] Commentary: Implementation


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Ordering: Missing Pages


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Ordering: Rebinding


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Non Medieval Use Cases


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Non Medieval Use Cases


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SharedCanvas Data Model


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Summary

Model: •  Canvas paradigm provides a coherent solution to modeling the layout of medieval manuscripts •  … or any other, collaboratively created resource •  Using primarily OAI-ORE and Open Annotation constructions

Implementation: •  Distribution across repositories for all resources •  Encourages development by domain experts

SharedCanvas brings digitized works to the desktop in a powerful, extensible and interoperable fashion


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Thank You

Robert Sanderson [email protected] [email protected] @azaroth42

Web: http://www.shared-canvas.org/

Paper: http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.2925 http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.3687

Slides: http://slidesha.re/tv9QdE

This research was funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Technology

Transcending Silos: Shared Canvas Data Model for Digital Facsimiles