A Cartographic Synthesis

The Peopling of the Philippines

How Philippine Islands were peopled?

In 1897, R. Virchow made the first critical assessment of the existing data about peopling of the Philippines by using skull analysis data.

Did you know that…..

Wilhelm Schmidt referred to the family of languages spoken from Taiwan to New Zealand and Madagascar to Easter Island.

Austronesian (1899)

Did you know that….

During Pleistocene period, large tracts of land of submerged Sunda shelf have been exposed to the surface

Did you know that…

Fossils of Java man retrieved from diff. sites of central Java

Dated back 1.3-0.5 million years ago

Did you also know that…

Tabon Caves (Palawan) are one of the most significant archeological sites in the Philippines

The caves have yielded tibia fragments and a mandible dated 47,000-31,000 years ago

complement to the skull of the so-called Tabon man dated 16,500 years ago

Discovery of Paleolithic cultural remains beyond the Huxley’s Line, in Southwest Sulawesi, Eastern Timor, and in Luzon, in the Cagayan Valley

Paleolithic stone tools found in Arubo, Nueva Ecija and other sites in Rizal Province, Davao, Taal, Novaliches and Balukbuk but without geological context.

Sundaland occupied from 1.3 million years ago to present by early Homo Erectus, then Homo Sapiens and finally Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Two opposing models regarding the origin of Homo Sapiens in Southeast Asia

They were the direct descendants of the Java Homo Sapiens

Noah’s Ark model claim that Sundaland Homo Erectus disappeared before being replaced by Homo Sapiens from Africa.

Ancestors of Negritos are the early hunter-gatherer hominids occupied the Philippines during

Paleolithic period

Two models proposed Negritos’ evolution

“Isolation stance” model – infrequent contacts with the culturally Austronesian speakers

Interdependent model of evolution- strong trading interactions have been maintained between Negritos and Austronesian speakers for 1,000-3,000 years

Austronesian Speakers

Second inhibitors of the archipelago

Associated with the Neolithic cultural stage

Internal Development vs. Movement of People

Inhabitants of the Philippines as indigenous people who have undergone a long period of internal development

They are exogenous, implying movements of people

Theory of William Meacham

Defends that the homeland speakers lies within the wide triangle called Austronesia

Insists the period of internal development

Origin of the current cultural and linguistic differences

Contests existence of large group of people migrations for various reason:

-shaky date concordance bet. linguistic and archeological proofs-serious competition with previous residents

Radical Isolation by B. Boron

….be the JUDGE.

Which is more credible?

Presented by:

Maigue, MilcahAlviar, David

Catacutan, TristanOpida, ConstantineCarpio, Ferdie Marc

Maranan, Jaymar

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