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Moving to the Next Level, November 20, 2013 Gateway Bike Plan Implementation Workshop Sessions: Best Practices for Build-out and Maintenance Modus Operandi: Policies and Procedures for Model Facilities
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The Minneapolis Bicycle Story
November 20, 2013
David PetersonBicycle & Pedestrian Section
Traffic & Parking Services DivisionMinneapolis Public Works Department
A bit about MinneapolisLargest city in Minnesota: 393,000Regional population: 3.4 millionArea: 58.4 mi2
20 lakes, ponds and wetlandsAnnual precipitation: 30.6 in.Annual snowfall: 50.8 in.July average high: 83.4 °FJanuary average low: 7.5 °F
nytimes.com
Bicycle Commuting Mode Share: 4.5%Pedestrian Commuting Mode Share: 6.9%
History of Minneapolis Bicycle Planning & Engineering: Parkways
Parkways are the Backbone of the Non-Motorized System
Horace Cleveland
Minneapolis Parks Board of Commissioners founded in 1883. Horace Cleveland responsible for the revision of the City’s park system.
Theodore Wirth was hired served as Superintendent from 1906 to 1935, expanding the parks acreage from 1,800 to more than 5,000.
Theodore Wirth
David Smith, minneapolisparkhistory.com
History of Minneapolis Bicycle Planning & Engineering: Parkways
Lake Calhoun Trail Parkway & Trail, 1909Minnesota Historical Society
Lake Calhoun Parkway, 2009
A fatal bicycle-pedestrian crash in 1972 on the Lake Harriet combined bicycle and pedestrian trail resulted in widespread separation of bicycle and pedestrian facilities.
Total off-street facilities today (MPRB and Minneapolis Public Works) = 85+ miles
History of Minneapolis Bicycle Planning & Engineering: Bike Lanes
4th Street SE at Oak Street, Minneapolis
September 1974 – First bike lanes are installed in Minneapolis on 4th Street SE and University Ave SE, adjacent to the University of Minnesota campus
History of Minneapolis Bicycle Planning & Engineering: Bike Lanes
Hennepin Avenue
1994 – System of Bike Lanes Developed in Downtown Minneapolis
Marquette Ave S
9th Street S
History of Minneapolis Bicycle Planning & Engineering
Stone Arch Bridge looking south, 1905Minnesota Historical Society
Stone Arch Bridge Preservation - 1994
Stone Arch Bridge Bicycle & Pedestrian PathDudley Edmondson
Other Minneapolis Bicycle & Pedestrian Only Bridges
Bridge #9 (Dinkytown Greenway Bridge)
Washington Avenue Bridge
Taking Advantage of Opportunities
35W Bridge Collapse - 2007
Tunnel constructed underneath new bridge
abcnews.com
mplsbikelove.com
Opportunities from Subsequent Bridge Retrofits
Lanes reduced from 4 to 2; protected lanes added, September 2013
Plymouth Ave N
Opportunities from Subsequent Bridge Reconstructions
Full reconstruction. Bicycle accommodation both on and off street. Minneapolis Bicycle Coalition
LowryAve N
World Class Trail System
Cedar Lake Trail – 1995, 2011
Totals more than 85 miles
Midtown Greenway, three phases 2000-2006 Martin Olav Sabo Bridge, 2007, Dan Anderson
Hiawatha Light Rail Trail - 2004 18th Ave NE Trail - 2011 Dinkytown Greenway – 2013, SW Journal
Low-Stress Network – Protected Lanes
Parking protected, minimal buffer, 2009 Buffer widened, 2011
Flexible delineators added, 2012
Green Conflict Zones added,
2013
1st Ave N
Low-Stress Network – Buffered Lanes
Lyndale Ave S Buffered Bike Lane - 2013 1st Avenue S - 2011
Low-Stress Network – Bike Boulevards
Street markings
Traffic Calming
Bicycle Wayfinding
Traffic Reduction
19 Miles by the end of 2013
Low-Stress Network – Neighborhood Greenways
Full Linear Park Greenway Half & Half Greenway
Milwaukee Avenue
Originally planned workers community housing constructed in the 1880s, the street was named to the National Register for Historic Places in 1974 in a move to thwart demolition. The street was subsequently closed to motor vehicle traffic.
Other Bicycle Infrastructure
Shared Lanes
Traffic Signals
Advisory Bike Lanes
Turning Stop Signs Raised Trail Crossings
Bicycle Parking ProgramCity pays 50% of the cost of purchase/installation for racks in the public right-of-way. $50,000 annually (general fund), administered by Public Works Parking. Installed 667 racks in 2012. Fund has been in operation since mid-1990s.
Standard Hitch Style Rack Meter Hitch Rack, Uptown
Custom Racks for some neighborhoods
Bike Corral, Seward
Custom Styles
Minneapolis Central Library
Other Bicycle Efforts
Minneapolis Bike Map, 2013 (2nd ed.)
Minneapolis Bicycling Account, 2011
Bicycle Crash Analysis, 2013
Annual Bicycle & Pedestrian Counts
Every September, trained volunteers count 30 benchmark locations over two days, along with 300 locations counted once every three years.
2013 Summer Safety Campaign
Displayed May-June at 27 bush shelters along high-crash corridors
Safety Benefits of Bicycle Infrastructure
• Increased predictability for all users (bicyclists tend to use the designated bicycle areas)
• Build it and they will come:
• Increased numbers of cyclists makes the system safer (safety in numbers)
Economic Benefits of Bicycle Infrastructure
More than 2,000 housing units have been built along the Midtown Greenway corridor since 2000. 1,000 more are in the development pipeline.
New bridge and ramp constructed by adjacent developer, Mosaic and Flux Buildings. Minneapolis Bike Love
Flux Building, 2013. Global Site Plans
Development is likely a combination of the greenway, market forces, transit investment, proximity to the lakes and downtown, and the mix of shops and restaurants in these neighborhoods.
Developing a Project WorkplanMaintenance-Related Bike Program
Review maintenance program (autumn prior to resurfacing year)
Match maintenance plan to bike plan routes
Internal staff discussion and recommendation of project list
Share with bicycle advisory committee and revise list
Share with council members
Neighborhood and business outreach, as recommended by CMs
Projects finalized and scheduled
Project construction May-October
To the Record letters signed by CMs
Developing a Project Workplan
Minneapolis Bicycle Master Plan (2011) Bikeways Master Plan Map
Developing a Project WorkplanCoordination with Street Maintenance: Resurfacing
Sharrows installed following new mat, 2013.
Developing a Project WorkplanCoordination with Street Maintenance: Seal Coating
4:3 conversion, wide bike lanes added, 2012. Green chip experiment at conflict zone.
Developing a Project WorkplanCapital Project Program
Identify the project (small area plans, bicycle or pedestrian master plans, elected officials) – October/Nov
Basic scoping (PW staff)
Staff prioritization, using criteria (pavement condition index, safety, community demand, etc.)
Public Works administration consideration and revision
Capital Long Range Improvement Committee consideration
Sent to Mayor’s office for consideration
Council adoption (December)
Mayoral budget inclusion (~July)
Winter Maintenance - Successes
Trails are plowed within 24 hours after the end of a snowfall using a standard pickup with a plow blade. Many are accessible before most streets.
Special service for the 1st Ave N protected lane. Width is adequate for a truck with a blade, but hand shoveling is required, as is snow removal (in the downtown district).
Plowed trail after a major snowDowntown Improvement District employees clearing curb ramps
Policy:Curb-to-curb
clearance. Prioritization set
by snow emergency policy
Winter Maintenance - Challenges
Annual Snowfall: ~51”
Snow tends to stick around in MPLS.
Curbside bike lanes frequently become impassable following plowing.
Adjacent to parking lanes, snow storage pushes parked vehicles into bike lanes. www.cycletc.com
Some areas require hand shoveling.
This is the primary snow plowing vehicle. It’s not great for precision, and impossible for narrow spaces.
Needs• Network
prioritization• Maintenance
vehicles and staff resources to do the job
University of Minnesota
Brine solution for pre-treatmentAntonio Rosell, Community Design Group
Brush vehicle for path clearanceAntonio Rosell, Community Design Group
1) Provide safe access for students, staff and visitors
2) Employ cost-effective and fruitful methods3) Keep environment as pollution-free as
possible
Maintenance Goals
Funding the Bike Program
General Fund ContributionsPublic Works• Traffic Division – Bicycle & Pedestrian Section Budget
($575,000)• Traffic Division – Traffic Operations Signals, Signs, Painting• Traffic Division – Bicycle Parking Fund ($50,000)• Transportation Maintenance & Repair Division –
Repaving, Seal Coating, Pothole Repair, Street Sweeping, Snow & Ice Control
• Transportation Planning & Engineering Division – Capital Project Planning and Management for Streets, Bridges and Pathways
Community Planning & Economic Development• Sector/Small Area Planning, Zoning Enforcement
Neighborhood & Community Relations• Community Participation Program
Minneapolis 311• Fields/answers public questions
Minneapolis Police Department
• Bicycle Recovery Unit
Communications Department• Press releases and promo video content• Press conferences
Health & Family Support• Statewide Health Improvement Project, other grants
Intergovernmental Relations• Conveys bike-related policy priorities to State and other
lawmakers
Minneapolis Development Review• Reviews site plans for bicycle parking requirements
Mayor’s Office• Budget setting and critical role as cheerleader
Sustainabilty Coordinator’s Office• Minneapolis Sustainability Goals, Climate Action Plan,
Greenprint
Funding the Bike Program
Capital Project Funding
• Generally try to have 1-2 bike projects per year in the CIP.
• Examples of projects in the pipeline:– U of M Bike Trail– LRT Trail Lighting– Sidepath/protected bikeway projects on: 18th Ave NE, 26th Ave N, 26th
St E, 28th St E
• Capital projects are frequently paired with outside funding
Funding the Bike Program
Outside FundingFederal Funding• Non-Motorized Transportation Pilot (NTP): $25 million since 2008• Many Minneapolis projects were funded in part by federal programs such as Recreational Trails and Transportation Enhancements.• National Park Service – $480,000 bike sharing expansion; access to MRNRA
Minnesota Department of Transportation• Responsible for implementing bikeways on their own streets within Minneapolis
Minnesota Department of Health• Statewide Health Improvement Program
Hennepin County• Responsible for implementing bikeways on their own streets within Minneapolis• Bikeway solicitation program started in 2013
University of Minnesota• Manages bike parking and the bikeway network on their campus. The Minneapolis Campus has the largest bicycle and pedestrian
activity areas in the state
Blue Cross Blue Shield of MN• Major sponsorship funding for Nice Ride MN bike share program• Sponsorship of Open Streets Minneapolis events
Bicycle Facilities Lessons Learned
• Recreational trails are key to Minneapolis’ bicycling numbers
• Get a bike plan in place (even if it’s just a facility map alone), and get it referenced in many different planning/policy documents
• Look for easy opportunities:– 4-lane roads with low traffic volumes– streets that have received lots of complaints
about traffic volume or speeds– widen bike lanes when possible, and add
buffers whenever you can
BREAK
Minneapolis Policies & PlansThe City has adopted numerous planning and transportation policies and implementation plans that seek to improve access and safety for pedestrians, bicyclists and transit riders. The overall City goals and Sustainability indicators also play a role.
Minneapolis Comprehensive Plan (2008)
Access Minneapolis (2009) Bicycle Master Plan (2011)
Climate Action Plan (2013)
Project Coordination – Departmental Involvement
PW-Traffic: Bicycle & Pedestrian Section home; drives most bicycle infrastructure and planning efforts.
PW-Transportation Planning & Engineering: Capital projects and long-range planning
PW-Street Maintenance & Repair: resurfacing and routine maintenance
Other departments (CPED, Health) play an occasional role.
Project Coordination – Elected Official Involvement
Mayor R.T. Rybak: 12 years of strong leadership. Sets the budget, makes special capital requests, acts as principal cheerleader
City Council: Strong leadership; almost universal support.
Coordinating With Council
Large-scale projects always involve layout approval. This goes to the Transportation & Public Works Committee, and then to full Council.
Smaller-scale projects involve a To the Record Letter. This outlines the project briefly and includes the signature of the Council Member(s) and the Traffic Operations Engineer.
46th Street W reconstruction – Request for Council Action (RCA)
Johnson St NE seal coat restriping – To the Record (TTR)
Project Coordination – Bicycle Advisory Committee
Membership13 Ward Citizen Appointees3 Park Board Citizen Appointees5 Outside Agency Appointees7 City Staff Appointees
The BAC functions as an advisory committee to the Mayor and City Council as well as the Park Board and serves as a liaison to bicyclists, businesses, neighborhoods, and other communities and agencies.
The BAC consists of the main committee, and two subcommittees – 3Es (Education, Encouragement, Enforcement) and Engineering (Engineering, Equity, Evaluation).
Committees meet monthly. Members are on main committee and one sub-committee.
BAC members tour the SW Light Rail Project route, August 2013Minneapolis Bicycle Coalition
Dealing with ProblemsResidents and visitors can all City services, report problems, check the status of issues, or get information.
The Bicycle & Pedestrian Section answers queries for the Bicycle Transportation Queue.
311 operators are available from 7AM to 7PM
311 issues can be logged using the City’s website or a mobile app for iPhone and Android devices.
Who’s Pushing for ProjectsThe Bicycle & Pedestrian Section is tasked with carrying out the Bicycle Master Plan. Implementing projects/strategies identified in the Master Plan is part of the work.
Minneapolis has strong advocacy organizations, all of which push Council Members, Public Works and other departments.
What can PW do to build support?• Clear and unified communication
(remove discrepancies between divisions or various PW agents)
• Paid staff are key
• Get a strong BAC established
• Don’t be careless or dismissive. Do it right.
Complete Streets Policies• Minneapolis CS policy in the works
• Commonplace for streets to receive extra scrutiny now (Bike & Ped Section and advocates make certain of this)– Bicycle & Pedestrian Master Plans
are key in this effort
Process Lessons Learned• Know elected supporters
• Strong advocates can be useful, but people need to know when to use their sticks
• Help advocates to understand how municipal processes work
• A strong, well-organized Bicycle Advisory Committee can do big things
Questions?
David PetersonMinneapolis Public Works
Bicycle & Pedestrian Section612-333-1378
[email protected]://www.minneapolismn.gov/bicycles/