The Long and the Short of it:a history of Social Machines

David De Roure @dder

The Long and the Short of it:�a history of Social Machines

DIRECTOR, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD E-RESEARCH CENTRE

Four Quadrant Diagram

Social Machines Defini7on TBL

SOCIAM: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines is funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant number EPJ017728/1 and comprises the Universities of Southampton, Oxford and Edinburgh. See sociam.org

“Yet Wikipedia and its stated ambi7on to “compile the sum of all human knowledge” are in trouble. The volunteer workforce that built the project’s flagship, the English-‐language Wikipedia—and must defend it against vandalism, hoaxes, and manipula7on—has shrunk by more than a third since 2007 and is s7ll shrinking… The main source of those problems is not mysterious. The loose collec7ve running the site today, es7mated to be 90 percent male, operates a crushing bureaucracy with an oTen abrasive atmosphere that deters newcomers who might increase par7cipa7on in Wikipedia and broaden its coverage…” http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/

Scientists

Talk Forum

Image Classification

data reduction

Citizen Scientists

New Social Processes

http://www.theguardian.com/uk/series/reading-the-riots

http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/science-and-technology-committee/news/report-responsible-use-of-data/

Fundraising Through Digital: How clicktivists, slacktivists and hacktivists are helping us beat cancer sooner—Michael Docherty

Community SoTware

Supercomputer

Digital Music Collec7ons

Student-‐sourced ground truth

Community SoTware

Linked Data Repositories

Supercomputer

23,000 hours of recorded music

Music Information Retrieval Community

SALAMI

Pip Willcox

By Ségolène Tarte, David De Roure and Pip Willcox

Working out the Plot

The Role of Stories in Social Machines

STORYTELLING AS A STETHOSCOPE FOR SOCIAL MACHINES

1.  Sociality through storytelling potential and realization

2.  Sustainability through reactivity and interactivity

3.  Emergence through collaborative authorship and mixed authority

Zooniverse is a highly storified Social Machine

Facebook doesn’t allow for improvisa7on

Wikipedia assigns authority rights rigidly

http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/ora:8033 Ségolène Tarte, David De Roure and Pip Willcox, (2014). Working out the plot: the role of stories in social machines

Tarte, S. Willcox, P., Glaser, H. and De Roure, D. 2015. Archetypal Narratives in Social Machines: Approaching Sociality through Prosopography. ACM Web Science 2015.

https://royalsociety.org/publishing350/

Richard O’Bierne

Elizabeth Williamson

Social Machines Defini7on TBL

Bodleian LibrariesU N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D

Social Machines

Metadata Story of the��First Folio

Social��Machines Annotation

https://www.academia.edu/12103878


Early modern theatre: a social machine

http://www.princeton.edu/~danson/Lit131/HANDBOOK/Swan.htm

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Early modern theatre: co-creation

http://shakespeare.berkeley.edu/index.php?option=com_g2bridge&view=gallery&Itemid=256&g2_itemId=16938

William

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1905

✤ Gladwyn Turbutt, Magdalen College!

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http://ww1photos.com/Rolls/Harrow/Turbutt_G_M_R_Lt_2nd_Oxford_Bucks_Light_Infantry_Harrow_Roll_Of_Honour_Vol_1.jpg


1905

✤ Madan, Gibson and Turbutt, The Original Bodleian Copy of the First Folio of Shakespeare (The Turbutt Shakespeare), Oxford: 1905 !

✤ Bibliographical Society lecture!

✤ Review in The Times!

✤ The Athenæum (25 February 1905)

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1905

✤ An anonymous offer of £3,000

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https://www.amherst.edu/aboutamherst/magazine/issues/2007_fall/shakespeare!Bodleian Library Records, c.1259—1262

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✤ Not everyone supported the appeal

“Dear Mr Librarian,!!“[…] My finances do not permit of my offering any contribution, but it may amuse your eminence to read why I should not offer anything if I could. […]!!“Secondly, having due regard to the cost of existing in this present wicked world, it is quite absurd that any copy of any book should command such a price. Only the man-eating money-maniacs of America could have started such an inept fashion. […] By all means let them have EVERYTHING that can be bought for money – the Pope’s tiara and the King’s crown and a majority in the House of Commons – and a free passage across the Styx. And let them have the Shakespeare, if the present possessor’s sentiment and conscience allows him to let them have it. The only cure for covetousness is satiety – and the Styx. […]”

“man-eating money maniacs”


✤ The “out of office”!1905: a meticulous archive

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Bodleian Library Records, c.1259—1262


http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

23 April 2013: Shakespeare’s 449th birthday


23 April 2014: Shakespeare’s 450th birthday✤ Further generous donations!

✤ Serial publication of searchable full texts of the First Folio (in beta)!

✤ Use and reuse: Creative Commons Attribution Only!

✤ Collaboration: IT Services consultation!

✤ Oxford e-Research Centre!

✤ Open source software!

✤ Scholarly social machine...!

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk


Social Machines

SM1: co-authoring

SM2: performance

SM3: prompt books

SM4: publication

SM5: copyright

SM6: reception

SM7: deacquisition

SM8: enquiry desk

SM9: scholarship

SM10: the press

SM11: campaign

SM12: campaign #2

SM13: publication #2

SM14: transcribe, edit

SM15: publication #3

SM16: use & reuse


Social Machines

SM17

https://www.academia.edu/12103878/_Coniunction_with_the_participation_of_Society _Citizens_Scale_and_Scholarly_Social_Machines

http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/citizens-scale-scholarly-social-machines

SM18

Digital Material Pip Willcox


Social Machines

A computationally-enabled sense-making network of expertise, data, software, models and narratives


The crowd is us. We are the citizens.

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Laud Misc.165, f.217r!http://bodley30.bodley.ox.ac.uk:8180/luna/servlet/s/w303ir

Curate, co-operate, co-create

Enjoy

Thanks to J.Stephen Downie, Andrew Honey, Emma Smith, Richard O’Bierne, Ségolène Tarte, Elizabeth Williamson; IAS at UWA; Sprint for Shakespeare and Bodleian First Folio supporters; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, JISC, EPSRC, ESRC, AHRC.

[email protected] @dder [email protected] @pipwillcox

digital.humanities.ox.ac.uk

http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/citizens-scale-scholarly-social-machines

[email protected] @dder

Thanks to Pip Willcox, CofK, FORCE11, SOCIAM.

http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/long-and-short-social-machines

Technology

The Long and the Short of it:a history of Social Machines