THE INTEGRATION OF RPAS IN CIVIL AIRSPACE by Andrea Maccapani

Liability, responsibility and insurance in automated socio-technical systems: the integration of RPAS in commercial air space

ALIASII ConferenceFirenze. October 2014

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Introduction - Finmeccanica Group

A safer and smarter society• Our vision• Our values

Key facts• An international leader• A customer focused organization• Management• Innovation• Corporate responsibility

Our Divisions• Airborne and Space Systems• Land and Naval Systems• Security and Smart Systems

3© 2014 Selex ES S.p.A. – Tutti I diritti riservati

Finmeccanica TodayHELICOPTERS

AgustaWestlandNHIndustries

RevenuesEUR 4,243 mil.

DEFENCE AND SECURITY ELECTRONICSDRS TechnologiesSelex ES


Workforce25,183

Workforce13,050

AERONAUTICS

Alenia AermacchiATREurofighter GmbHSuperJet International


Workforce11,708

DEFENCE SYSTEMS

Oto MelaraWASSMBDA


Workforce3,963

SPACE

TelespazioThales Alenia Space


Workforce4,131

TRANSPORTATION

AnsaldoBredaAnsaldo STSBredaMenarinibus


Workforce6,568


A safer and smarter societyA complex scenario New challenges


Becoming the benchmark for our Clients and Partners in delivering technological excellence in electronic systems and solutions for a safer, smarter society.

Our vision


RESPECTWe respect each other, and we believe in working together

INNOVATIONWe nurture a culture in which we accept tough challenges, and drive new ideas

INTEGRITYWe are open, accountable and responsive

CUSTOMER INTIMACYWe know and respect our customers and become their trusted providers

PEOPLE EXCELLENCEWe value diversity, embracing cultures and treat everyone with dignity and respect.

Our values


• 17,000 people• Revenues in excess of 3.2 billion Euros• More than 17.5% of investment in R&D• 70% engineers and personnel with technical

qualifications• Worldwide industrial footprint

Key facts


We deliver to a diverse customer base the information superiority required to act decisively through:

• World class products and systems• Unique experience in systems integration• Proprietary discriminating technologies• A reliable gateway to emerging capabilities• A clear strategy on dual use capabilities• Cost effective tailored, flexible training and services • A reliable partner to work with

A customer focused organisation


• Industrial and commercial footprint in the US, Germany, Turkey, Romania, Brazil and Saudi Arabia

• Fully owned subsidiaries across the globe

An international leader


Innovation is in our DNA• From Universities, Academia and SMEs to European

funded projects and EDA, ESA, ASI and NATO programmes to innovation activities rooted in home markets, Selex ES invests and nurtures innovation wherever it will grow

• Focused on new technologies and emerging domains to widen our capability and provide the answers required by technological innovation

• With an overall strategy to ensure technological growth, Selex ES has in-house laboratories devoted to specific areas of applied research and effective integration of innovative components within the existing capability portfolio

• Protection of intellectual property through both patent and trademark registration and in-house initiatives that stimulate the proposal of new ideas

• Continuous and stable investment in Research and Development on key technologies with collaboration in joint research and innovation with a wide range of partners.


Corporate responsibilityCorporate social responsibility is an essential part of our business:• Selex ES is committed to embodying ethical

behaviours that make a positive impact on the environment, customers, employees, stakeholders and communities alike

• We have adopted a Charter of Values to guide strategy and the daily activities of all those who work and collaborate with the business

• We carefully manage production processes to ensure the least possible environmental impact, with rigorous adherence to health and safety in the workplace

• We support a variety of educational community and business initiatives within the communities in which we operate

• We recognise our responsibilities to partners across the supply chain, enduring partnerships that deliver sustainable growth in the territories we work in.


Airborne and Space Systems

• Radar and Advanced Targeting• Air Systems, Unmanned

Systems and Simulators• Electronic Warfare• Avionics• Space Systems• Support and Service Solutions

Land and Naval Systems

• Naval & Air Defence Systems• Land & Battlefield Systems • Optronics Systems• Defence Communications

Systems • Support & Service Solutions

Our Divisions

Security and Smart Systems

• Homeland Security & Critical Infrastructures

• Cyber Security & Information Assurance

• Air & Vessel Traffic Management Systems

• Automation Systems • ICT & Networking• Smart Solutions

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Selex ES Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems

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REMOTELY PILOTED AIR SYSTEM: MY CONCEPT

• The «system» is composed inseparably by the following elements:

• Hardware (both air and ground) • Software• The «operator» and the «pilot»

• If only one of this elements «glitches» or «malfunctions» the mission is compromised and there is a serious possibility of occurring in an incident or ultimately an accident.

© Copyright Selex ES. All rights reserved

Hardware

Software

Operator and Pilot

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THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS

• When used professionally, are aircrafts, but “remotely” piloted.

• As every “human-machine” action and interaction, poses a “risk” for other airspace users, or most likely “third parties” on ground.

• The main mission is to avoid risk to human life in “air” missions

– are perfect for 3D (or 4D) missions (or as targets) – are a valid tool to be employed in “height”

inspections, mapping and security

© Copyright Selex ES. All rights reserved

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16© Copyright Selex ES Ltd 2013 All rights reserved

Activities Starts in the mid ‘50es

Stabilimento Ronchi dei Legionari

P1 Launch

… sea recovery

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UNMANNED SYSTEMS HERITAGE IN SELEX ES

Meteor P1

1959

CT 20

1973

Mirach 701978

Mirach 100/21988

N.A.M.F.I. Tactical Firings

1996

Mirach 100/4RAM CFG

Locusta Secondary Target2005

Mirach 100 Recce

1978

Mirach 100/2 Recce

1982

CL-89 Mirach 150

1998

Fast Recce (Nibbio/Carapas)

2005

1986

Mirach 20 Mirach 26 Falco Maiden Flight

1997 2003

20061st cross-national Civil Aviationclearance for a UAS in Europe

1st Civil Aviation clearance for a UAS in Italy

2005

Dual P/L OPS

2008

Falco EVO

2012

Mirach 100/51998 Mirach 100/X

2008

UTRI’s ASIO& other MUASs

ASIO-BSPYBALL

CREX-B DRAKO-K5DRAKO-K2

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SELEX ES - RPAS

MEDIUM RANGE UAS

SHORT RANGE UAS

Mini – Micro UAS

Spyball-B

Crex-B

Drako-K5

Asio-B

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) in

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with

Pia

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Aer

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Falco

Falco - EVO

P1HH(*)

Control Station for Mini UAS

CONTROL STATION FOR FALCO AND P1HH(*)


«military» applications«civil & blue lights» applications

Main Application

Disaster Management

Advanced agriculture and environmental

protection

Smart “Applications” & Large Events

Cartography Aerial mapping

and 3D Visualization

Critical infrastructures monitoring and

inspections

Intelligence Surveillance

ReconnissanceMissions

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RPAS IN THE «COMMERCIAL» AIRSPACE

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• The «design» and the «operation» of an RPAS system is far more complicate than a «manned» platform:

– Has «multiple segments» that has to be interfaced seamlessly and with the highest degree of resilience, reliability and redundancy

– Should manifest a «predictable» failure modes (graceful degradation) as the «situation awareness» of the remote pilot and his «sense of fear» is dramatically different - automatic task support features

– To this, also new approaches of Human Machine Interaction shall be explored – «proactive cognitive environment» - CAMMI project

One issue:

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• The «legal» framework is in place, mutated from manned aviation, – but has to be tailored , trimmed and extended to fit peculiarities of RPAS, as

complementary to «manned aviation» according to a flexible and proportionate approach

– Responsibility: Rome Convention (1952) Art. 1– Liability: Rome Convention (1952) Art. 2– Insurances: REGULATION (EC) No 785/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 April 2004

• Are applicable to some extents for operations with “light” RPAS

Some thoughts about…

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• The next step: – Automatic (Robotic) Systems & Swarms

• Specific responsibilities (and therefore standards), are to be employed in the C2 link to assure its solidity and inviolability.

– What if a drone is “hijacked” and used with different scopes by another subject?

• Also the payload link is subject to specific responsibilities, as could be eavesdropped, or could be “jammed” or “tampered” to harm mission success

– What if a video feed is published by an hacker on Social Networks and infringes privacy laws?

Some thoughts about…

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Conclusions

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Conclusions• Selex ES is a solid reality of the aerospace sector in Italy and worldwide, in

both manned and unmanned aviation

• Currently, we are witnessing and shaping a new aviation sector, complex as, or far more complex, compared to «traditional» aviation, but with great outlook, especially in the civil applications.

• “Tailored” paradigms in term of System Design, and Operational issues, and connected with Responsibility, Liability and Insurances, shall be proposed and put in place in order to permit this sector to be exploited to its full possibilities.

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GRAZIE PER LA VOSTRA ATTENZIONE

Andrea Maccapani

[email protected]

Technology

THE INTEGRATION OF RPAS IN CIVIL AIRSPACE by Andrea Maccapani