The Hydrological cycle

LO: 1. To learn key words and definitions relating to the

hydrological cycle2. To be able to explain if something is an input,

output, store or transfer.3. To be able to complete a hydrological cycle diagram

What happens when water reaches the ground?

CONDENSATION

EVAPORATION

PRECIPITATION

SEA

LAND

A SIMPLIFIED HYDROLOGICAL CYCLEInput

transfe

r

output

Key Words

A. EVAPORATION

B. CONDENSATION

C. PRECIPITATION

D. RUN-OFF

E. PERCOLATION

F. GROUND WATER

G. WATER STORES

1. When water vapour changes to liquid (cooling)

2. Water in any form that falls to earth e.g. rain

3. When the ground water moves through the land

4. When liquid changes to water vapour (warming)

5. The water that is stored within the ground

6. Water that is stored e.g. ground,clouds,air etc.

7. Water that moves directly along the ground without penetrating.

Match the letter with the corresponding number

Key Words

A. EVAPORATION

B. CONDENSATION

C. PRECIPITATION

D. RUN-OFF

E. PERCOLATION

F. GROUND WATER

G. WATER STORES

1. When water vapour changes to liquid (cooling)

2. Water in any form that falls to earth e.g. rain

3. When the ground water moves through the land

4. When liquid changes to water vapour (warming)

5. The water that is stored within the ground

6. Water that is stored e.g. ground,clouds,air etc.

7. Water that moves directly along the ground without penetrating.

Match the letter with the corresponding number

A = 4.B = 1.C = 2.D =7.E = 3.F = 5.G = 6.

Inputs

•Inputs are ways in which water can get into the system

•Precipitation is the general term used to describe all the ways which moisture come out of the atmosphere.

RaiN

SNOW

HAIL

PRECIPITATION

FROST

DEW

OUTPUTS•Outputs are ways in which water can leave a system.

•Evaporation – water on the surface can easily be evaporated (turned to vapour) naturally by the suns heat energy – a breeze will also help evaporation.

•Transpiration – evaporation from plant leaves of water which has been taken up from the roots and transported to the leaves

•Evapotranspiration – general term for evaporation and transpiration together

•River discharge – when the river reaches the sea/ lake and ends.

Transfer/ flows•Transfer/ flows are mechanisms which allow water to move from one place to another.

•Surface runoff/ overland flow – water that flows over the land; common in areas where the water cannot be absorbed by the ground such as permeable surfaces e.g. concrete or saturated areas.

•Throughfall – water dripping from one leaf to another

•Stemflow – water running down a plants stem/trunk

•Throughflow – water moving slowly downhill through the soil. “pipes” such as cracks, or burrows in the soil will increase the rate of throughflow.

Transfer/ flows

Transfer/ flows•Infiltration – Water soaking into the SOIL. Infiltration rate depends on soil type, and how saturated the soil already is.

•Percolation – water seeping through the ROCKS, under the soil surface. Rate of percolation depends on rock type.

•Groundwater flow – water flowing slowly below the water table through permeable rocks.

•Baseflow – groundwater that feeds into rivers

•Interflow – water flowing downhill through the permeable rock above the water table

•Channel flow/ river discharge - water flowing in the river/ stream.

Detailed hydrological Cycle

Completed hydrological Cycle

Keyword bingo1. Mark out a 3 x 3 grid2. Choose 9 words from the list below and write one word in each box

on grid.3. Check the person next to you has done steps 1 and 2 and can’t

cheat!4. Listen carefully to the definitions read out and score out the

keyword that corresponds to it if you have it on your grid.5. When you get a line call out “BINGO!”

Precipitation Surface runoff Throughfall

Evaporation Stemflow Infiltration

Input Output Percolation

Transpiration River discharge Throughflow

Groundwater flow Evapotranspiration baseflow