Leibniz vs. Newton

The Calculus ControversyThe Birth of Calculus: These are the Guys to Blame - Since 1802

Vs.

Objective: The students will be able to describe the cause and conclusions of the calculus controversy with 85% accuracy.

- Since 1802

The Calculus Controversy

Sir Isaac Newton

Birth-Death: 1642-1727Famous Discoveries:

Reflecting TelescopeOptics and GravityCalculusAND MANY OTHER THINGS

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Birth-Death: 1646-1716Famous Discoveries:

Step ReckonerLeibniz formula for π

Calculus

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The Birth: Newton’s Calculus

Date: 1665-1666

Developed his calculus in his twenties.

Used as a means to support his

physics.

Published in Philosophiae Naturalis

Principia Mathematica (Prinicipia) in 1687.

The Birth: Leibniz’s Calculus

Date: 1675

Developed first by the integral then by the

differential.

is the sum

is for the difference

Published in the Acta Eruditorum

in 1684.

d

The Controversy: Beginning

The fuel to the fire:

Newton’s lack to publish his work

Leibniz’s correspondence with Newton

The first accusation of plagiarism

against Leibniz was stated by

Nicolas Fatio de Duiller.

The Controversy: Building of the Storm

In 1704, The Optiks was published.Newton made a statement that Leibniz may have copied his work.

Leibniz countered by criticizing Newton’s work.

The statement angered nearly all of England.

1708, Leibniz was accused of plagiarism by John Keill.

The Controversy: Full Blown

The charge was made in 1708.Leibniz’s copy was delayed until 1711.

The Royal Society’s interventionIn 1711, the Royal Society created a committee to look into the matter.At this time Newton was the president of the Society.

The Controversy: Ending

The Royal Society decision:Newton was the first inventor of the calculusLeibniz was not injured by Keill’s remark.This decision was published as the Commercium Epistolicum in 1712

Death of Leibniz in 1716

After the Death

Burial of LeibnizOnly one person was present.

Newton’s slanderedSecond edition of Commercium Epistolicum

England’s rejectionEngland would only teach English mathematicsNO foreign works

QuizTime

The committee11 members6 mathematician2 foreigners

Only one was a mathematician7 were friends of Newton

Quiz Time

At what age did Newton develop his calculus?

a. 30sb. 20sc. 40s

Who was the first that stated that Leibniz could have plagiarized?

a. Sir Isaac Newtonb. Nicolas Fatio de Duiller

c. John Keill

What were the findings that the Royal Society published about the

controversy?

Who is considered the inventor of calculus?

a. Isaac Newtonb. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

c. Both

Credits

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axZTv5YJssAImages:

Slide 5:Slide 6:Slide 7:Slide 14:

All other images were acquired from free sources and wikipedia.