Telecoms Technology (As Presented)

1

All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Section 9:Telecoms TechnologiesKey Issues & Evolution

Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture

1

Circuit Switching

• Dedicated path is set up• Circuit remains for the exclusive

use of both parties for the duration of the call

• No significant delays

• Inefficient use of network resources• Suited to voice and other real

time services• Examples include PSTN and ISDN• Charging based on call duration• “The Past”

2


2

Packet Switching

• No dedicated circuit• Transmission links are shared

between users• Variable and unpredictable delays• Efficient use of network resources

• Suited to data transmission• Examples include the Internet,

X.25, Frame Relay, ATM• Charging to be based

on throughput• “The Future”


Mobile NetworksFrom voice to broadband multimedia services

3


4

Evolution of Mobile Networks

TACSAMPS

NMT

GSMPDC

TDMA (D-AMPS)CDMA (cdmaOne / IS95A)

GPRSEDGEIS95B

UMTS/W-CDMA cdma2000 (1X: 0,1)

3.5, 3.75(HSPA)(EV-DO: 0, A, B)

4G!(LTE)(UMB)


5

Basic Mobile Network Elements

4


6

Circuit-Switched Domain

MSCMobile Switching Centre• 64 kbps Switch• GMSC is Gateway• 99.999% Uptime

VLRVisitor Location Register• Local Database• One per MSC• Subscription Profile• Location (Area)


7

Home Subscriber Server

EIREquipment ID Register• IMEI• *#06#• Blacklist• Central EIR?

HLRHome Location Register• IMSI• Subscription Profile• Location (MSC/VLR)

AUCAuthentication Centre• Authenticates SIM• Keys for encryption

5


8

Packet-Switched Domain

SGSNServing GPRS Support Node• Routing Function• IP Traffic• Local Database

GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node• Routing Function• IP Traffic• DNS• Firewall• DHCP


9

GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (2G) (GERAN)

BTS = Base Transceiver StationBSC = Base Station Controller

6


10

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (3G) (UTRAN)

RNC = Radio Network Controller


11

1 Mobile monitors serving and neighbour cell signals2 Measurement report sent to BSC every 1/2 second3 On reaching A , neighbour cell is assessed as the “better” cell to use4 BSC instigates handover5 New connection made via “neighbour” cell (new serving cell) and BSC6 Old connection dropped

Handovers

7


12

Calls to a Mobile


IMS

8


14

IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning

IP Core Network

Access Technologies

GSMGPRS

3G

WiFiWiMax

FixedLine

IP MultimediaSubsystem

• New subsystem• Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and

non-realtime)• Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)• Fixed and Mobile Implementations


15

Operator Benefits• New innovative services

– blended services• Centralised control

• Scaleability• Step towards all-IP networks

• Simplified Billing• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX

IMS – Operator Benefits

9


16

Frost & Sullivan, Jan 2008:

"The key factors propelling the carrier adoption of IMS include:- lower capital and operational expenditures, - shorter new product introduction (NPI), - flexibility in creating new 'combinational services’- higher ARPU) due to the advent of new services.”

“Providing the capability to work with different equipment manufacturers will be one of the main challenges.”

IMS – Operator Benefits


17

IMS – Benefits to the User

User Benefits• “New” Services• Personalisation• Access anywhere

• Security• Blending of services

• Ease of use

10


18

IMS – The Market?

May 2008 (from NXTComm)

“For now conversations with service providers, equipment manufacturers and chip/board vendors seem to show a long-awaited upturn in real-world IMS deployments – though projects remain mostly experimental and small-scale in nature.

Sources consistently pointed to 2006-2007 as the low point for the IMS ‘hype cycle’, with carriers finding it hard to justify the expense or complexity of taking a wholesale plunge into IMS.”


Fixed Access

11


20

Digital Subscriber Line Technology

• Limited by Distance• Contention Ratios 1:20 to 1:50• QoS Variable• CLECs deploying own DSLAMs


21

FTTx – using fibre to deliver the services

FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,…)

12


22

FTTx & Other Access: many combinations!

FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,…)


WiMAXWhat’s behind the hype?

13


24

WiMAX 802.16

� Operates 2-11GHz frequency bands� Data rates up to 70Mbps depending on range� Range up to 30 miles� Better QoS support at MAC layer� More users can share a single radio channel (up to 100)


25

WiMAX as a Backhaul Solution

14


26

Rural Broadband


27

WiMAX Suite of Standards (Evolution)

15


28

WiMAX Usage Evolution


29

Cellular• Wide area coverage• Well established• Huge vendor support for terminals• Optimised for voice• Low data rates• Expensive deployment

WiMAX• High Data Rates (broadband)• Relatively low entry cost• Not designed for voice• Limited coverage• Portable rather than mobile coverage

WiMAX vs Cellular Technologies

16


30

- 300 Deployments in 118 countries (WiMAX Congress, Jun 08)

- South Korea and Pakistan have the largest deployments of mobile WiMAX technology.

- (Korea's WiBro service - KT and SK Telecom - coverage across metropolitan Seoul for more than 100,000 users).

- (Wateen in Pakistan recently ordered 198,000 802.16e CPE from Motorola to offer nationwide fixed residential and business services).

- The most talked about and anticipated network is Sprint's Xohm service in the US (launched in Baltimore).

WiMAX deployment:


31

WiMAX deployment:

17


Section 10:Service Delivery and Supporting SystemsProvision, delivery and management of services


33

Intelligent Networks

Typical applications� Freephone� Premium Rate� Televoting� Prepaid services� Number portability� Ring Back Tones

18


34

Allowing 3 rd Parties to Provide Services

API = Application Programming Interface


35

IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning

IP Core Network

Access Technologies

GSMGPRS

3G

WiFiWiMAX

FixedLine

IP MultimediaSubsystem

• New subsystem• Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and

non-realtime)• Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)• Fixed and Mobile Implementations

IMS = IP Multimedia Subsystem

19


TV – IP & Mobile


37

IP Television (IPTV)

� Television delivered over a connection supporting the Internet Protocol (IP), [note: not the same as Internet TV] e.g. Video on Demand (VoD) via broadband

� IPTV Features– VoD– Interactive TV (iTV)– Private Video Recorders (PVRs)– Quality of Service

� Part of Multi-Play proposition

20


38

IP Television Market?� Key players include: France Telecom, PCCW, Qwest,

Telefonica, Chunghwa Telecom.

� India and China are registering sharp rises in broadband subscriptions and, together with The Philippines, will join South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and Macao, in the growing APAC marketplace.

� The American market is expected to be the most competitive IPTV market in the world, largely due to high existing pay-TV penetration, stiff prices and service competition.

� IPTV subscribers worldwide are forecast to reach to 103 million in 2011. The Americas and Western Europe are expected to be the biggest markets on revenue per user basis.

(RNCOS, Feb 2008)


39

Mobile TV – what are the key issues?

� Various network options- Cellular - Terrestrial broadcast- Satellite broadcast

� Spectrum allocation – waiting for analogue TV switch-off on different frequencies

� Network rollout and handset availability

� Battery technology� Pricing models

21


40

� Content formatting– Formatted-for-mobile

– ‘Ordinary’ live TV

– Clips

– ‘Mobisode’ versions

� Consumption patterns– Time of day

– Duration

� Usage by genre– Sports– Reality TV shows

– Soaps, etc.

� Usability– User interface

– Screen size

– Battery life

� How much will users be willing to pay? – Pricing models

– Interactive services

Mobile TV content


Location

22


42

CLIENTS• PLMN Operator• Emergency Services• Value-added Services• Lawful Interception

QoS and FUNCTIONALITY• QoS horizontal accuracy

vertical accuracyresponse time

• Priority• Timestamp• Security• Privacy

LBS Clients and Functionality

LBS = Location Based Services


43

Source: 3GPP

Location Based Services – Key Technologies

23


Support Service ProvisionThe key role of OSS and BSS


45

OSS & BSS in the network

OSS = Operational Support SystemBSS = Business Support System

24


46

The Creation of Call Detail Records


47

Billing Process

25


48

Roaming Agreements and TAP

TAP = Transferred Account Procedure


49

Prepaid Billing

26


NGOSSThe promise of “plug and play” support systems?


51

TeleManagement Forum (TMF)

27


52

NGOSS – driving efficiency and reducing costs

NGOSS = New Generation Operations Systems and Software

Source: TMForum