1. KbebebewAssefa (EIAR) Berga Lemaga (ATA) Tareke Berhe (ATA) TEF RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT

2. WHAT DO WE WANT TO BREED FOR? High Grain & StrawYield Quality Grain and Straw Climate Friendly/Resilient Grain and StrawYield Resistance 2 Biotic Factors Resistance toAbiotic Factors Erect, Non-lodging Plants Conventional Breeding Non-conventional Breeding 1. Mutation Breeding 2. Intra-species Breeding 3. Biotechnology 3. WHERE DO WE START? Very HighVariability inTef Germplasm KnowledgeThatTef Is A C-4 Plant Already Established Cross-breeding Technique Already Established GoodVarieties Signs that Mutation Breeding Can Contribute Successful Breeding Results In Other Cereals Wheat Rice Etc 4. IN THE NATIONAL TEF STRATEGY BREEDING CHALLENGES Insufficient priority is given to tef research, resulting in limited institutional and resource capacity Limited basic research on tef exists to serve as a basis for further exploration Limited basic research on tef exists to serve as a basis for further exploration Genetic resource collection and management is insufficient Tef varieties released so far do not adequately address lodging, biotic/abiotic stress, shattering, food products, etc. Limited applied research in many areas such as socioeconomics, soil, physiology, food chemistry, crop protection and mechanization PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS Enhance institutional system and capacity in financial, human and material capital Strengthen basic research (physiology, genetics, cytogenetics and genomics) on tef Strengthen basic research (physiology, genetics, cytogenetics and genomics) on tef Develop comprehensive genetic resources collection and characterization Strengthen and accelerate varietal development through breeding /Biotechnology Enhance applied research in areas such as socioeconomics, soil, physiology, food chemistry, crop protection and mechanization Strengthen research related to other value chain steps 5. LARGE/LONG PANICLES 6. THE BIGGEST PROBLEM: Lodging 7. HOPEFUL SIGNS DUE TO IMPROVED AGRONOMIC PRACTICES 8. OTHER CEREALS STAND ERECT 9. HOW TO MAKE THE TEF PLANT CARRY MORE GRAINS? 10. PROPSED TEF IDEOTYPES Short Peduncle Short Internodes 11. SHORT & SEMI-COMPACT PANICLES 12. Crop Harvest Index Tefs Harvest Index is Quite Low Unstressed harvest index values Beans (Dry) 0.45 - 0.55 Lentils 0.45 - 0.55 Maize 0.40 - 0.55 Peas (Dry) 0.45 - 0.55 Oats 0.40 - 0.55 Sorghum 0.40 - 0.55 Soybean 0.25 - 0.35 Sunflower 0.30 - 0.35 Wheat 0.40 - 0.55 Seyfu Ketema (1993); 2225 Accessions = o.17 NarrowingThe Rift = 0.24 Seyfu Ketema (1997), IPGRI = 0.17 Range 0.07-0.38 Tarke et al ( 2013 ) = 0.26 Refissa (2012 ) = 0.28 Teklay (2012) = 0.28 Brhane ( 2012) = 0. 23 13. Source: ACTIONS NEEDED TO CREATE AN ERECT TEF PLANT? 14. RECOMMENDATIONS CREATE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FORTEF-DZ? HAVE MANY SCIENTISTS (DIFFERENT DESCIPLINES) WORKING 24/7 PROVIDEADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE- LAND, GREENHOUSES, LABORATORIES, EQUIPMENT, ETC. ALLOCATE PLENTY MONEY 15. A STRONG BREEDING PROGRAM WILL PROVIDE THE BEST TEF FOR ETHIOPIA & THE WORLD