Ministry of Higher EducationAl-Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic

UniversityCollege of Computer and Information

Sciences

Presented by :

Alkaibari ,Amani .M

Abaalhassan ,Seham.N

Aloud ,Moudhi .A

Instructor:Dr. Amal alsaif

Syntactic Parsing for Arabic

Introduction

Language is a method of communication intellectual

Method of understanding and transfer of ideas

Application began to increase with time .

Applications automatic translation, understand speech operative analysis of texts, revision of the texts and others

SYNTACTIC PARSER

•Syntax: provides rules to put together words to form components

• Grammar is the formal specification of rules of a language.

• Parsing is a method to perform syntactic analysis of a sentence.

Parsing (Syntactic Structure)

•INPUT:

لحديقه في الكبير الكلب

•OUTPUT:

The Information Conveyed by Parse Trees

•Part of speech for each word

(N = noun, V = verb, D = determiner)

•Phrases•Useful Relationships

Examples Of Syntactic Ambiguity in Arabic

• Ambiguity caused by devocalization

word class

1 =ر ”bur “flour ُب noun

2 ?ر ”ber “Honouring ُب noun

3 @ر ”bar “land ُب noun

4 Aر? beraa “Righteousness ُب verb

Two parse trees for the ambiguous sentence

verbal sentence verbal sentence

verb(passive) progent verb(active) subject

أكل

أكل الطعام

الطعام

Grammar confusion

For example, there is more than reading for grammar component .

As when we say ( الطالبالمجتهدون can be , ( والمدرسون

a recipe for a comprehensive teachers only or also for students.

Confusion in returning pronouns

As we say ( المريضة األم تركتلترعاها ممرضتها the ,(مع

pronoun (ها) in the word may return to the "ممرضتها"patient may return to the mother .

and distraction in the word "sponsored" may be due to "patient" may be due to the "mother"

This is more difficult to process analysis grammar.

Parsing Arabic Dialects

The Arabic language is a collection of spoken dialects with important syntactic differences .

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)

The standard written language is the same throughout the Arab world.

used in some scripted spoken communication

news casts. parliamentary debates.

Levantine Arabic (LA)

example of the Arabic dialects.

leveraging LA/MSA resources is feasible.

Linguistic Facts

differences between LA and MSA using an example :

هدا ) -1 الشغل ُبيحبوش [ LA ] .( الرجال[ jordan ]

العمل ) -2 هذا الرجال يحب [ MSA ] .( الLexically, we observe :1- the word for ‘work’ is " الشغل "in LA but " العمل "in MSA.

2- the word for ‘men’ is the same in both LA and MSA .

3- There are typically also differences in function words, in our example

. ’for ‘not (MSA) ال ) and (LA) ش $4- we see that LA " ُبيحبو " has the same stem as MSA " يحب " .

Syntactically : we observe three differences :

1- First, the subject precedes the verb in LA (SVO order), but follows in MSA (VSO order).2- we see that the demonstrative determiner follows the noun in LA, but precedes it in MSA.3- we see that the negation marker follows the verb in LA, while it precedes the verb in MSA.

Related works

“Better Arabic Parsing: Baselines, Evaluations, and Analysis”

Author by Green and Christopher D. Manning

comparing manually annotated grammar

All experiments were using ATP

ignore all the trees, referring to the mistakes and non-linguistic texts

ATB is still low compared to the Wall SJC

PARSING ARABIC TEXTS USING REAL PATTERNS OFSYNTACTIC TREES

built a parser for Arabic texts, which takes advantage of the machine learning paradigm

defined a new manner for modeling the knowledge that composes an Arabic Treebank

new models are called the patterns of syntactic trees

TOWARDS RESOLVING AMBIGUITY IN NDERSTANDINGARABIC SENTENCE

Described attempt to resolve certain types of ambiguity

Resolving the ambiguity that between main constituents of the nominal and the verbal sentences

And due to the affixes of either nouns or verbs.

Conclusion

In our paper we have seen some example of ambiguity and latest reach of the researchers in the analysis of Arabic

we have shown that Arabic parsing performance is not as poor as previously thought, but remains much lower than English