Swedish International Biodiversity

Programme (SwedBio)

Maria Schultz

Objective: Contribute to poverty alleviation, sustainable livelihoods, equity and human wellbeing through development towards resilient ecosystems and societies, especially taking into account the need for adaptation and mitigation to ecosystems change such as climate change

Cultural

Non-material

benefits obtained

from ecosystems

Provisioning

Goods produced

or provided by

ecosystems

Regulating

Benefits obtained

from control of

natural processes

by ecosystems

Ecosystem services

Biodiversity is crucial for food security

1900 1950 2000

CO2, N2O, CH4

concentrations

Overfishing

Land degradation

Loss of Biodiversity

Water Depletion

Unsustainable

consumption

…..

Planetary Response to global change

“Highlighting the role of

ecosystems in adaptation suggests

a number of possible win-win

options. These are related to

increasing the flow of ecosystems

services and helping

disadvantaged groups deal with

future impacts of climate change.

These strategies can lead to risk

reduction and can also contribute

to attempts to promote a transition

to sustainable poverty alleviation in

rural communities.”

Closing the Gaps p.17; Commission on

Climate Change and Development

2009

Investing in restoration and

maintenance of the Earth’s multi-

trillion dollar ecosystems - from

forests and mangroves to wetlands

and river basins - can have a key

role in countering climate change

and climate-proofing vulnerable

economies.

Climate issues update TEEB, 2009

Synergies – climate – biodiversity - developmentCLIMATE CHANGE

(UNFCCC and IPCC)

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

and Biodiversity

(CBD and IPBES)

DEVELOPMENT

(UN MDGs)

Resilience!

• Ecosystem carbon managemnet can be a cost-effective approach -not only reduce carbon emissions but also remove CO2 from atmosphere, ex reducing deforestation, restoration and protection of peatlands and climate smart agriculture.

• Crucial that voice of rural poor and indigenous people are respected, e.g related to tenure issues.

Example Agriculture

• Maintaining diversity of local varieties, crops and agricultural systems contributes to risk distribution, decreased vulnerability, and increases the ability of the agricultural system to adapt. Agroforestry good example. Biomass store carbon. Increased levels of organic matter in soil contribute to increased carbon sequestration.

UNDP

Meaningful Access to

Information and

Participation

Representation of

Local Needs and

Priorities

Resource Rights/

Land Tenure

Governance is Key…

…in determining the benefits for poor people

CBD financial commitments

• “The developed country Parties shall provide new and additional financial

resources to enable developing country Parties to meet the agreed full

incremental costs to them of implementing measures which fulfil the

obligations of this Convention…” Article 20 CBD

• “There shall be a mechanism for the provision of financial resources to

developing country Parties for purposes of this Convention …” The

contributions shall be such as to take into account the need for

predictability, adequacy and timely flow of funds …” Article 21 CBD

COP 10 CBD Nagoya outcome

Package deal:

• ABS protocol - the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization, which, after seven years of negotiations, sets out rules and procedures for implementing the Convention’s third objective

• Strategic Plan - with 20 goals for the period 2011- 2020, including a mission, and strategic goals and targets aiming to inspire broad-based action by parties and stakeholders

• The Strategy for Resource Mobilization - a decision on activities and indicators for the implementation of the Strategy for Resource Mobilization adopted at COP 9, and a process for setting targets at COP 11 year 2012

Work programme on Climate Change:

1. For climate change adaptation and mitigation important to address

biodiversity and for halting loss of biodiversity need to address climate

change

2. Ecosystem based approaches gives ecological, social, cultural and

economic benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation

3. A decision amounting to a de facto moratorium on geo-engineering

4. Synergies and cooperation among Rio conventions:

• A joint preparatory meeting between the three Rio conventions prior to

Rio+20 and possibly a joint high level session

• Joint activities through the Joint Liaison Group on climate change,

biodiversity, land degradation and ecosystem based approaches to

climate change mitigation and adaptation;

• Affirmed the role of CBD in reducing emissions from deforestation and

forest degradation in developing countries, and forest conservation,

sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon

stocks (REDD+)

• Safeguards: 9 (h) … for approval by the COP11, … relevant safeguards

for biodiversity, without pre-empting any future decisions taken under the

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change…,

Financial mechanism - Nagoya

• Review of guidance to GEF: List of priorities, and an outcome oriented framework, taking into account the strategic plan

• Assessment of amounts needed in sixth replenishment: Terms of Reference for an assessment of the amount of funds that are necessary to assist developing country parties in fulfilling their commitments under the Convention for the sixth GEF replenishment

• The Fourth Review of effectiveness of GEF: decision on a ToR including objectives, methodology, criteria and procedures for implementation, including that the effectiveness is assessed against guidance from COP; and the number of developing country parties that receive timely, adequate and predictable funds to meet the agreed full incremental cost to them of implementing measures that fulfill the CBD obligations.

• Additional guidance … climate change:

­ Improve synergies between Rio conventions

­ Evaluate and reduce negative impacts of adaptation and mitigation activities, i a safeguards in place

CBD guidelines of help to climate work …

• Ecosystem Approach

• Akwé con guidelines

• Addis Ababa Guidelines on Sustainable

use

• etc…

CBD publications

No 41 Connecting biodiversity and climate

change mitigation and adaption

No 42 Review of the literature on the links

between biodiversity and climate change

No 43 Forest resilience, biodiversity and

climate change.

REDD: Reducing Emissions

from Deforestation and

Degradation in developing

countries

Policy and incentives for reducing

emissions from deforestation and

forest degradation, and the role of

conservation, sustainable

management of forests and

enhancement of forest carbon

stocks

The Safeguards are (negotiation text at the moment under UNFCCC):

• Transparent and effective national forest governance structures,

• Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of local

communities,

• Full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders and local communities

including, in particular, indigenous peoples

• Actions that are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological

diversity, ensuring that actions are not used for the conversion of natural forests into

plantations, but are instead used to incentivize the protection and conservation of natural

forests and their ecosystem services, and to enhance other social and environmental

benefits.

Conclusions and recommendations

• Biodiversity functions as insurance, contributes both to adaptation and mitigation to climate change. By maintaining ecosystem services will we be able to adapt to coming global changes. Need to be addressed better in UNFCCC.

• Synergies between the Rio conventions need to be enhanced, and IPBES and IPCC synergies need to be explored. Prevent Conventions egoism, which is not resource effective – synergies country level planning and reporting, synergies between NAPAs, NAMAs, NBSAPs, PRSPs etc. Have to use the most appropriate implementing agencies.

• Financial contributions for climate and biodiversity are one part of the solutions. Questions how to avoid double counting, e.g. statistics Rio markers, country level want to secure funding for both biodiversity and climate.

• Reorienting harmful subsidies into biodiversity and climate smart development. Policy options for e.g. avoided deforestation can include eliminating perverse subsidies by changing input subsidies, land titling systems, forest governance arrangements and taxation regimes and using green incentives for a biodiversity and climate smart development. Search for win – win solutions.

• Innovative financial mechanisms – Tobin tax etc same sources to some extent, synergies needed also here. Regarding both possibilities and risks, and development of appropriate safeguards.

• Questions for Rio + 20?

Thank you!

SwedBio

Contributing to resilience!

www.swedbio.org