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PROJECT:Science in the Media: Bringing Cutting Edge Astronomy From Scientists To Students Outreach Program for the Suzaku Satellite
SATELLITES SWIFT AND SUZAKU
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO AVANZADO EN EDUCACIÓN DEL SURESTE, S. C.
DEVELOPED BY
Jorge Enrique Jiménez Ortega.José Braulio Álvarez Sánchez.
Alberto Hibraim Baldés Ordoñez.Alex Arturo Álvarez Robles.
Cesar Flores Vivanco.Yezzvi Estuard Goicochea Ordinola.
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
CONTENTQuestions assigned under NASA´s Education and Public Outreach
Program for the Suzaku Satellite. Materials for Session 1.
1.How do we «see» X-rays?2.What is the SWIFT satellite and
what information can it provide?3.What kinds of objects does SWIFT
study?4.What band of X-rays can SWIFT
detect?5.What is SUZAKU and what
information can it provide?6.What band of X-rays can SUZAKU
detect?7.What is the X-ray background?
"An image is an optical representation of an object produced by light rays from the object being refracted or reflected by a lens or mirror."
George Abell in Exploration of the Universehttp://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l1/images.html
Let´s begin with what an image is…
Image of a tiger Image of a galaxy This is what objects
look like with our eyes
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l1/images.html
But… An image can be made out of any kind of
electromagnetic radiation.
You just have to have the right kind of detector to 'see' the kind of radiation
you want to study. For
example,In these
figures you can see four
diferent images of
the radiation that CRAB NEBULAemits.
http://www.nigms.nih.gov/
Detectors get the images of
electromagnetic radiation that oureyes can interpret.
So… 1. How do we “see” X-rays?
http://www.nigms.nih.gov/
Satellites have mirrors that redirectX-rays and send them to the detector.
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l1/xray_detectors.html
http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/other_tel/other_tel.html
Detectors recollect many x-rays that
then form a complete image.
X-rays are guided to the detector with these mirrors.
And … from outer space?
The atmosphere protects us from X-rays;They can be «seen» only through detectors
in satellites.
2. What is the SWIFT satellite and what information can it provide?
Multi wavelength observatory. Its three instruments work together to observe bursts and afterglows in the gamma ray, as well as X-ray, ultraviolet, and
optical wavebands.
Created in partnership by
the U.S.A., U.K., and Italy, which launched it in
2004.
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/
http://:telescope.livjm.ac.uk
BASICALLY GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN OBSERVATION CYCLES THAT GO LIKE THIS:(1) Gamma Ray Burst, GRB 060418, explodes and emits high-energy gamma
rays (2) and (3) Swift satellite detects gamma rays and sends notification of sky location to ground telescopes, (4) Liverpool Telescope (LT) on mountain top on Canary island of La Palma receives notification and immediately points to correct part of sky to begin to capture optical light from GRB afterglow. (5) Polarisation image taken with LT
polarimeter, RINGO, is transmitted to the Astrophysics Institute at Liverpool John Moores University for analysis by scientists.
3. What kinds of objects does SWIFT study?
4. What band of X-rays can SWIFT detect?
Energy range: 0.2-10 KeVhttp://swift.sonoma.edu/about_swift/general_faq.html
SUZAKU
means «Red
bird of the
South»In Japanese Mythology
5. What is SUZAKU and what information can it provide?
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/gallery/instruments/satellite.html
Satellite created in partnership by the U.S.A. and Japan.
Launched in 2005.
Studies X-rays emitted by
objects in the universe, such as stars, galaxies,
and black holes.
Main objectives of SUZAKU in X-rays
• Perform the first sensitive hard X-ray survey of the sky.
http://swift.sonoma.edu/images/multimedia/images/epo/WRstarBH2close.jpg
• Observe dynamic motions of plasmas in various X-ray sources.
• Survey of nuclear lines from supernova remnants in our galaxy.
Observe the evolution of galaxies and clusters.
Search for highly obscured primordial objects.
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html
Photo: NASA, N. Benitez (JHU), T. Broadhurst (The Hebrew University), H. Ford (JHU), M. Clampin (STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), G. Illingworth (UCO/Lick Observatory), ACS Science Team y ESA.
IN EVERY DIRECTION AT ALL TIMES, THE SKY GLOWS IN X-RAYS.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/astro-e2/news/post-mortem.html
X-rays in quantity of energy:
• low (red)• intermediate (green)
• high-energy (blue)
X-rays SUZAKU can detect
6. What band of X-rays can SUZAKU detect?
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/gallery/instruments/satellite.html
Energy range: 0.2-600 KeVWorks with two
instruments:
1. X-ray CCDsX-ray
Imaging Spectomete
r; (XIS)
2. X-ray Detector
(HXD)
7. What is the X-ray background XRB?
http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/background.html
XRB is high energy from
the early universe traveling
through space.
Half of the X-ray sources seen
come from active galaxies like
quasars. These extremely
luminous galaxies have
supermassive black holes in
their centers that are sucking in
huge quantities of gas. Some of
these supermassive
black holes are so distant that the observed X-rays left them more than 12 billion
years ago!
http://www.doh.wa.gov/portals/1/Documents/Pubs/320-063_bkvsman_fs.pdf
Before Chandra, when X-ray telescopes observed the sky, it was not dark between the points of X-ray light, as this
image shows.
About half of it comes from sources like galaxies with modest X-ray luminosity produced by stellar-size black holes in binary star systems, hot gas within the galaxy, remnants of supernova explosions, or a combination of the above.
50%
50%
XRB was first detected during a rocket flight intended to study X-rays from the Moon!
… just like the Moon, the rest of space bodies emit X-rays.
X-ray image of the Moon in the 0.1-2 keV band (1991). Note the decrease in the XRB in the dark
side of the Moon.http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Fabian/Fabian1.html
http://www.satview.org/?sat_id=28773U
You can track SUZAKU!
visit
“The universe is still shrouded in mystery, and with each new
fundamental discovery, a new question arises”.
Dr. Kazuhisa MitsudaDoctor of Science, Professor, Department of High Energy
Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA
Science in the Media: Bringing Cutting Edge Astronomy From Scientists To Students
Public Outreach Program for the Suzaku Satellite