Sustainable fashion.

Ruth AguilarNahomi SasajimaLinda StockdaleIrina Livneh

Sustainable fashion, also called eco fashion, is a part of the growing design philosophy and trend of sustainability, the goal of which is to create a system which can be environment friendly and social responsible..

we will deal with fabrics,fur and leather and labor subjects.

how clothing can be harmful to the environment

When pesticides are used in cotton production (25% of all pesticides used in the whole world are from cotton production), the pesticides cause pollution and thus endanger not only the environment, but the health of the people living in developing countries.

Many processes involved in clothing production, such as irrigation, pesticides, fertilizers, and the bleaching and dyeing of processed textiles use an enormous amount of water and often lead to water pollution.Fossil fuels are used in the production of oil-based synthetic fibers (like nylon).

While our clothes are being transported and processed, they release carbon

emissions that contribute to climate change.

When clothes are thrown away rather than donated or recycled (only 14% of clothes are recycled!), they end up in landfills. Wool, if in landfills, releases methane during its decaying process, contributing to climate change as well.

The "Fabric" of Allergic Responses (modal, micro modal)

Modal is considered a type of rayon. Rayon is made from wood pulp of various trees. Modal, on the other hand, is made strictly from beechwood – considered bio-based rather than natural because, though the raw materials used to make it are natural, they are heavily processed with a variety of toxic chemicals, including formaldehyde when manufactured in some countries of origin.

What are the Advantages of Model?

Like rayon, it is soft, smooth and breathes wellIts texture is similar to cotton or silkIts cool and very absorbentLike cotton, it dyes easily and becomes color-fastIts resistant to shrinkageLess likely to fade or pill as a result of frictionStays softer in hard water launderingDrapes well and keeps its shape

What are its Reported Allergic Responses?They are many. The following list is not complete but will give you an idea of what to watch for if sudden symptoms develop after wearing or being exposed to Modal.Skin reactions (itching, blisters, hives, welts, etc.)Headache accompanied with brain-fogSwollen glandsWidespread muscle aches (not previously experienced)Widespread muscle aches (previously existing such in fibromyalgia patients)DisorientationRespiratory symptoms (bronchitis, asthma-like symptoms, etc.)Sinus infections

A case of allergic by formaldehydeA woman in Ohio purchased Victoria’s Secret bras and after wearing them came down with hot , blistering welts and severe itching that made it difficult to sleep. She filed suit in May after tests revealed that the bras contained formaldehyde, an embalming chemical. She may be allergic to formaldehyde.

A class action lawsuit has been filed but court approval of the class action has not yet occurred. Apparently dozens of women have been contacting the Ohio attorneys who filed the suit with similar complaints. According to ABD News Victoria's Secret has stated that "We have strict quality controls around our products, and we do not use formaldehyde in our bras". The woman's attorneys have responded that "It may not be something that they're specifying to put in their bra, but somehow it's making its way into the manufacturing process because it was certainly present," according to the ABC New story.

In a Fox News story they quote the Ohio woman as saying that"I had the welts ... very red, hot to the touch, extremely inflamed, blistery. It itched profusely. I couldn't sleep, waking up itching.

How the formaldehyde got in Victoria's Secret bras is not yet known but apparently other women are having the problem. Often in chemical sensitivity injury cases it turns out that contamination occurs in the manufacturing process when products are exposed to dangerous chemicals coming from some other source. In the DuPont Benlate cases that I was involved in as an attorney on behalf of flower farmers in Hawaii, the fungicide had been manufactured next door to a plant that manufactured a powerful herbicide and lack of quality control resulted in contamination of the fungicide powder with a powerful and deadly chemical. Perhaps that is what is happening here.

Animal use for fur and leather.Fur is one the first materials used for clothing. The exact date when fur was first used for clothing is unknown.Fur is still worn in most countries.

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Common animals used in the fur industry, fox, rabbit, mink, beaver, otter, sable, and many others.

Some of these are more highly prized than others, and there are many grades and colors.

The number of animals used for making fur coat varies according to species

12-15 lynx 15-20 foxes 60-80 minks … and so on.

Water pollution.

About 85% of the world’s production of animal fur is from ‘fur farm’. The animal wastes contain high concentrations of

nitrogen and phosphorus. Excess levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are the most common form of water pollution in the United States.If present in a large enough quantity,

nitrogen eutrophication will lead to decreased oxygen levels and fish kills.

Each mink skinned by fur farmers produces about 44 pounds of feces. Based on the total number of minks skinned in the United States in 2004, which was 2.56 million, mink factory farms generate tens of thousands of tons of manure annually.One result is nearly 1,000 tons of phosphorus, which wreaks havoc on water ecosystems.

air pollution.

in addition to air pollution arising from gases released in the animals manure,significant air pollutants are released when disposing of animal carcasses by incineration, a fairly common method of disposal. these air pollutants may include • carbon monoxide (co),• nitrogen oxides (nox), • sulfur dioxide (so2), • hydrochloric acid• (hcl),• volatile organic compounds (vocs),• dioxins, • particulates and heavy metals.

Energy consumption. Energy is consumed at every stage of fur production. transporting the animal pelts and finished fur garments around the globe.transporting feed to fur farms,trappers setting and checking their trap lines,shipping the animal pelts to international auctions and on to dressers, dyers, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and finally to the consumer.

The amount of energy needed to produce a real fur coat from ranch-raised animal skins is approximately 15 times that needed to produce a fake fur garment.

Nor is fur biodegradable, thanks to the chemical treatment applied to stop the fur from rotting. The process of using these chemicals is also dangerous because it can cause water contamination.

After animals have been killed their skin is removed—pulled off the animal’s body. the animal’s skin with the hair still attached is sent to be tanned (“dressed” in industry parlance) and perhaps dyed, bleached, or otherwise treated.Common methods for dressing fur skins involve

formaldehyde chromiumaluminum,Ammonia,Chlorine, Chlorobenzene, copper,ethylene glycol,lead,methanol,naphthalene,sulfuric acid, toluene and zinc.

Workers exposed to dust created during fur processing have been shown to have reduced pulmonary function in direct proportion to their length of exposure.

the fur industry’s harm to our water, air, ecosystems and all of the species inThem.When you buy your next coat, remember thatthere are many alternative fabrics that will allow you to avoid supporting the cruel andenvironmentally destructive fur industry.

Labor Practices in Garment Manufacturing

Working conditions in the garment manufacturing industry Hours Health and safety Harassment and violence Pregnancy Precarious work Trade unions

International Labor Organization (ILO)

ILO and the garment industry History Vision of decent work Tripartism and social dialogue International labor standards Working out of poverty

Current practices in garment manufacturing

Supply Chain pressures Effects on working conditions Social Audits How manufacturers can manipulate

Child labor examples

2009 US Department of Labor list of goods produced by child labor or forced labor – 122 goods from 58 Countries Countries having existing child labor laws Child labor used in Uzbekistan cotton

harvest

Alternative, ethical and fair trade fashion Definition of fair trade fashion Are fair trade garments an option?

Bibliography/Sources

Child Labour and the Right to Education in South Asia Editors: Naila Kabeer, Geetha B. Nambissan, Ramya Subrahmanian

No Space No Choice No Jobs No Logo (Taking Aim at the Brand Name Bullies) Naomi Klein

The Power to Choose Naila Kabeer

Why Sweatshops Flourish Julia Hanna, Published March 23, 2009 Harvard Business School Working

Knowledge

Looking for a Quick Fix Clean Clothes Campaign

• why animals matter -the case for animal protection Erin e. Williams and Margo Demello

THE ECO CHICK – HOW TO BE FASHIONABLY GREEN STARRE VARTAN

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