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From Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
Communicationsto
Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction to M2M/IoT Market
Technology Roadmap& Standards
Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom
Part 2/3
© Thierry Lestable, 20122
Disclaimer
• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party copyrighted material is reused within this brief tutorial under the ‘fair use ’ approach, for sake of educational purpose only , and very limited edition .
• As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and is falling under usual copyright usage.
• Thanks for your understanding!
ToC – Part 1• Market• Internet of Things (IoT)
– RFID/QR codes/Augmented Reality/NFC– Governance rules
• Architecture• Capillary Networks & Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
– KNX/ISA-100/W-HART/Bluetooth/Zigbee/ANT+/WiFi 11ac/ad/Direct
– IPSO/6LoWPAN/ROLL• Smart Home
– Z-wave/Wavenis– DLNA/UPnP– Management (BBF)
• WAN - LTE
© Thierry Lestable, 20123
ToC- Part 2• WiFi/Cellular Convergence• WiMAX – M2M• Smart Grids
– Use cases/Features/Overview– SGCG/M490– SMCG/M441– G3 PLC/PRIME– Governance
• Smart Vehicles (ITS)– DSRC/WAVE/802.11p– EC Mandate/ETSI/ITS-G5– Use cases/Features
• Cloud– Gaming– TV Connected
• Smart TVs• Thin Clients/Stream boxes• PVR
• Standardization & industry Alliances• Net neutrality• Conclusions & Perspectives
– French Market– Worldwide Forecast
© Thierry Lestable, 20124
Part 3 (Final slot)
Summary of Part 1
IoT – Commuting Time
© Thierry Lestable, 20126
ATAWADAC = Any Time Any Where Any Device Any Content
© Thierry Lestable, 20127
Smart CityWhat we are looking for….ultimately…
Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privac y’…
Traffic Explosion & Social Networks / OTT
50%
901 million
500 Million Mobile users
© Thierry Lestable, 20129
Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020: Worlwide
•As a conclusion, total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB in 2020, representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure .
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
2010 2015 2020
Yea
rly tr
affic
in E
B Europe
Americas
Asia
Rest of the world
World
Source: IDATE
Total mobile traffic
© Thierry Lestable, 201210
Wireless M2M: 4 pillars
© Thierry Lestable, 201211
RFID Communication platform
© Thierry Lestable, 201212
Id Tag B2C scenario example
© Thierry Lestable, 201213
NFC: 3 operating modes
Universal Mobile Wallet
© Thierry Lestable, 201214
IoT – European Vision 2020
© Thierry Lestable, 201215
IoT, European Commission
• Need for Governance Actions– Privacy & protection of personnal Data– Trust, Acceptance & Security– Standardization
Internet of Things
Internet of Things for People
© Thierry Lestable, 201216
High Level (simplified) M2M Architecture
M2MGateway
ClientApplication
Operatorplatform
Capillary Network
Capillary Network & Wireless Sensors Network
(WSN)Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions towards IP smart objects…
© Thierry Lestable, 201118
Smart Digital Home
© Thierry Lestable, 201119
Home Network Convergence
Ethernet, WiFi, Home Plug , USB, G.Hn
IP V4 / V6UPnP IP V6
6LoWPAN / ZigBee
DECT, FXS, 3G/4GZigBee, CPL, MBUS, X10
DLNA
HGW
BROADBAND HOME NETWORK SENSOR NETWORK
QoS / Plug and Play / Easy install / Security
Set Top BoxScreenFemtocellVideo
SecurityAccessControl
Environment
SensorApplianceMeter
eHealthSensor
OSGITR69 TR69 / SNMP
Portable Applications
Quadruple Play Energy Managt, Home Control, eHealth
WAN – Cellular Systems
3GPP LTE & WiMAX
© Thierry Lestable, 201221
Vertical Markets in LTE
© Thierry Lestable, 201222
Wireless Broadband Systems mapping
© Thierry Lestable, 201223
Global Mobile Traffic
0.6 EB 1.3 EB
2.4 EB
4.2 EB
6.9 EB
10.8 EB
0.6 EB 1.3 EB
2.4 EB
4.2 EB
6.9 EB
10.8 EBExabytes (1018) per Month
70%
© Thierry Lestable, 201224
LTE subscribers Forecast (thousands)
By 2015, Around 379 Million LTE subscribers Worldwide
#1
© Thierry Lestable, 201225
LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…
Smart Phones
M-Tablets
DSL-Routers
© Thierry Lestable, 201226
LTE Devices Form Factor -2011
Oct. 2011
© Thierry Lestable, 201227
LTE Devices Form Factor - 2012
X3 increase in LTE devices in 1 year !Manufacturers grew +73% during same period!
151 LTE Smart Phones: X 5 in 1 year!LTE-enabled Tablets: more than doubled in 6 Months !
November 2012
1800MHz band Most popular now!Used in +37% networks deployed.
LTE Devices categories @1800MHz
42 networks deployed @1800MHz,22 more on-going Roll-outs
� Ecosystem is mature enough to providesuch profile
130 LTE User Devices @1800MHz
Phone
USB DongleRouter
Module
© Thierry Lestable, 201229
LTE Parallel evolution path to 3G
DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)DL: 28Mbps
[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]
DC-HSPA + 64QAM2x2 MIMO & 64QAM
© Thierry Lestable, 201230
Main benefits from LTE
© Thierry Lestable, 201231
Main benefits from LTE
• Full Packet Switched (PS) � no MSC• no RNC• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)
• DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO)• BW up to 20MHz• Default Bearer & QoS
• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)
• CSFB, SRVCC• Hotspot Offload
• Mobility up to 350Km/h• Latency < 5ms • QoS & IMS | ICIC
• GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum
© Thierry Lestable, 201232
LTE Rel.8/9: Bandwidth & Duplexing modes
And HALF-DUPLEX!!!
105 Networks launched in 48 Countries209 by end of 2013!
27,6 Million Subscribers
© Thierry Lestable, 201234
Worldwide Mobile Broadband SpectrumFDD: 2x35MHzFDD: 2x70MHz
TDD: 50MHz
21
1500
VerizonAT&TmetroPCS
AWS
NTT DoCoMo
TeliaSoneraVodafoneO2…
Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
7
2600
FDD Hong-Kong
China MobileGenius BrandCSL Ltd…
Digital Dividend
3
1800
Major TD-LTE Market(incl. India)
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum is a critical problem!
© Thierry Lestable, 201235
LTE Roll-out Worldwide Vs Spectrum Band fragmentation
Source:Huawei
© Thierry Lestable, 201236
TD-LTE is gaining momentum
TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest for Operators & Vendors
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…
© Thierry Lestable, 201237
Global UMTS Subscriber Growth Forecast
HSPA+ will still play an active roleIn near future, both as migrationand complementary to LTE.
3G will keep playing a Key role In Future!
���� Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)
© Thierry Lestable, 201238
3GPP LTE System architectureIMS: IP Multimedia SubsystemPCRF: Policy, Charging Resource FunctionUE: User EquipmentMME: Mobility Management EntityS-GW: Serving GatewayP-GW: Packet GatewayHSS: Home Subcriber ServerEPC: Evolved Packet CoreEPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRANE-UTRAN: Evolved UTRANPMIP: Proxy Mobile IP
DHCP
LTE – Rel.8
LTE Bearers
P-GWS-GW Peer
Entity
UE eNB
EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer
End-to-end Service
External Bearer
Radio S5/S8
Internet
S1
E-UTRAN EPC
Gi
E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer
QoS parameters & QoS Class Id (QCI)
QCI Resource Type
Prior ity Packet Delay
Budget (NOTE 1)
Packet Error Loss
Rate (NOTE 2)
Example Services
1 (NOTE 3)
2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice
2 (NOTE 3)
GBR
4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3 (NOTE 3)
3 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming
4 (NOTE 3)
5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
5 (NOTE 3)
1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling
6 (NOTE 4)
6
300 ms
10-6
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)
7 (NOTE 3)
Non-GBR 7
100 ms
10-3
Voice, Video (Live Streaming) Interactive Gaming
8 (NOTE 5)
8
300 ms
10-6
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
9 (NOTE 6)
9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)
Source: 3GPP TS23.303
VoLTE(IMS)
Video
© Thierry Lestable, 201241
VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline
« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
Early Adopters
2011: TRIALS
2012: COMMERCIAL
General Market
2011: CSFB
2012: TRIALS
2013: COMMERCIAL
craftrevolution
SRVCC
« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
42
Rich Communications Suite (RCS)
contacts chatFile Sharing Video share
43
Rich Communications Suite (RCS)
LTE Speed – Typical Measurements (1/2)
LTE Speed – Typical Measurements (2/2)
Verizon Wireless – LTE Coverage Map (July 2012)
~230 Markets200 Million POPs NOW! (2/3 coverage)
End of 2012: 400 Markets / 260 Million POPs
4G-LTE Verizon Innovation
Smart phones
Galaxy Tab
M-Tablets
Verizon JetPack
MiFi Dongles
551L Droid - Xyboard
July 2012
ATT Coverage map (Warning 4G = HSPA+)
~40 Markets150 Million POPs by end 2012National coverage by end 2013
AT&T
July 2012
Summer 2011
USB Dongle ‘Momentum 4G’ MiFi ‘Elevate 4G’
France
@800MHz@2,6GHz
Authorized to ask for Roaming @800MHz to SFRTrials in 2012
Marseille Lyon
Commercial Launch in 2013
N.B: deployment @800MHz expected to be slow due to frequency plan from ANFR + potential issues with Digital [email protected], still issues with some RADARs
Video RequirementsVs
Device types & resolutions
LTE (Rel.8) Terminal Categories: Reminder
Most popular/available
Video Requirements – Baseline targets Vs Device types (1/2)
Source: Motorola
Video Requirements – Baseline targets Vs Device types (2/2)
Source: Santa-Clara Univ.
LTE Video – Number of Video Streams Per sector (estimate)
Source: Motorola
Cat.4 TerminalDL: 150MbpsUL: 50Mbps
56
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)
3GPP Rel.10 (LTE-Advanced) & Beyond
Other HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming solutions
MicrosoftSilverlight Smooth Streaming(MSS)
AdobeHTTP Dynamic Streaming(HDS)
AppleHTTPLiveStreaming(HLS)
Adaptive Streaming Flow
© Thierry Lestable, 201257
Video Encoder Technology Evolution
Video Coding Standardization -Timeline
HEVC (H265) Gain ~ 40% over H264� 3GPP Rel.12 (March 2014)
� Available for Smartphones & Tablets in 2013 (no TV!)
LTE steps into Heterogeneous Networks
HetNets
© Thierry Lestable, 201261
Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston
© Thierry Lestable, 201262
How to solve the Capacity crunch?
• Capacity crunch is experienced due to following major factors:– Increased data consumption from Smartphone device
applications– Signaling traffic overhead genereted by Smartphones
• Unoptimized applications � too frequent and useless polling– Flat rate service plans
– � situation can be critical for some operators.
– � Need for flexible solutions = Sandbox !!
HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS is the solution = HetNets
© Thierry Lestable, 201263
Residential Macro Data Offload
Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell
On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be Offloaded !
© Thierry Lestable, 201264
Offload Forecast
© Thierry Lestable, 201265
HetNets & Small Cells (LTE)
© Thierry Lestable, 201266
Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators (1.99billion subscribers, 34%)
© Thierry Lestable, 201267
Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology
Providers
The ecosystem is now mature enough4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012
© Thierry Lestable, 201268
Femtocell market status
36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,15 Roll-out commitments in 2012
© Thierry Lestable, 201269
Femtocells Markets
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
Femtocells Competitive Markets
Femtocells AP Forecast - 2014
© Thierry Lestable, 201270
S1
S1
X2
X2 S
1 S1
S1
S1
LTE Femto: HeNB
3GPP Rel.10
© Thierry Lestable, 201271
LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B (HeNB) �3 Options!
© Thierry Lestable, 201272
LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B (HeNB) �3 Options!
[1] [2]
[3]
© Thierry Lestable, 201273
HeNB OAM process (Mgt System)
© Thierry Lestable, 201274
Residential Macro Data Offload
Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell
On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be Offloaded !
© Thierry Lestable, 201275
Key FindingsGlobal Femtocell Survey
• Main driver for femtocells is in-building voice coverage – and is main driver for consumer rating of mobile operatorVoice coverage
• Voice service improvement alone could prevent 42% of consumers switching operator in the next 12 monthsChurn Reduction
• 83% of heavy Wi-Fi phone users find femtocells very/extremely appealing
Wi-Fi complementary
• 68% of femtocell fans found at least one advanced femtocell service very/extremely appealing
Added-value services
LTE Self-Organizing Networks (SON)
© Thierry Lestable, 201277
LTE Self-Organizing Network (SON) features
S1/X2 configuration
© Thierry Lestable, 201278
SON progress status w.r.t 3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10
© Thierry Lestable, 201279
Support for Self-Configuration & Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration Process– Basic Set-up– Automatic Registration of
nodes in the system– Initial Radio Configuration
• Self-Optimization Process– Ue & eNB measurements
and performance measurements are used to auto-tune the network
LTE-Advanced
© Thierry Lestable, 201281
LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and Beyond (Rel.11)
Rel.11
© Thierry Lestable, 201282
LTE-Advanced: System Performance Requirements
� Support of Wider Bandwidth� Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz
� MIMO Techniques extension� DL: up to 8 layers� UL: up to 4 layers
� Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)(Rel.11)
� Relaying� L1 & L3 relaying Uu
UnUu
Un
LTE-AdvancedArchitecture & Services
Enhancements• LIPA
• SIPTO• IFOM• Relaying• MTC (M2M)
© Thierry Lestable, 201284
LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access (LIPA)
© Thierry Lestable, 201285
LIPA solution for HeNB using Local PDN Connection
L - GW S10
E-UTRA UE
S1-MME S11
E- UTRA-Uu
S1-U S5 HeNB SGW
MME
E-UTRAN network elements EPC network elements
Local IP access network elements
LIPA
Other IMS
Internet Etc. SGi
Gx
Rx
PDN GW
PCRF
Packet data network (e.g. Internet, Intranet, intra-operator IMS provisioning)
L-S5
© Thierry Lestable, 201286
LTE-Advanced: Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO)
S5
RAN L-PGW
UE
eNB
CN
P-GW S-GW
CN Traffic
MME
S1-U S11 S5
SIPTO Traffic
© Thierry Lestable, 201287
LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offload Femto Access!
IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6
© Thierry Lestable, 201288
LTE-Advanced: Relaying and its potential gain
Uu
Un
© Thierry Lestable, 201289
LTE-Advanced: Relay support
eNB
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
DeNB
RN
S1
S1
X2
X2
E-UTRAN
S1
S11
Un
© Thierry Lestable, 201290
Machine-Type Communications (MTC) in 3GPP
© Thierry Lestable, 201291
MTC Scenarios
• MTC Device � MTC server • MTC Device <--> MTC Device (No Server in between!)
APIOperator domain
APIMTC Server
MTC User
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
Operator domain
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Server/ MTC User
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
MTC Device
Operator domain A Operator domain BMTC
DeviceMTC
DeviceMTC
DeviceMTC
Device
Still Not Considered in Rel.10!!
© Thierry Lestable, 201292
3GPP MTC (High Level) Architecture
3GPP bearer services / SMS / IMS
MTC Server
MTC Server
MTCi
MTCsms
3GPP PLMN - MTC Server IWK Function
MTCu MTC Device
MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi, and Wi interface.
MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.
© Thierry Lestable, 201293
3GPP MTC: Service Requirements
• Common Service REQ– Device Triggering– Addressing
– Identifiers– Charging – Security – Remote Device Management
• Specific Service REQ (Features)– Low Mobility– Time Controlled– Time Tolerant– PS only– Small data Trx– Mobile originated only– Infrequent mobile Terminated– Monitoring– Priority alarm– Secure Connection– Location Specific Trigger– NW provided destination for UL
data– Infrequent Trx– Group based features
Public Address Space Private Address Space
MTC Device
MNO MTC Server
© Thierry Lestable, 201294
3GPP MTC: Service REQ
MTC Common Service REQ Details
Device Triggering MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with the MTC Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established
Addressing MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device inside a private IP address space
Identifiers uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.
Charging Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.
Security MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communications
Remote MTC Device Management
The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)
© Thierry Lestable, 201295
3GPP MTC: FeaturesMTC Feature Details
Low Mobility MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC device
Time Controlled MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid unnecessary signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.
Time Tolerant MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator to prevent MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network overload)
Packet Switched (PS) only network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDN
Small Data Trx The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signalling overhead, network resources, delay for reallocation)
Mobile originated only Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)
Infrequent Mobile Terminated MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications � Reduce Mobility Management Signalling
MTC Monitoring Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user) � Warning to MTC server (other actions configurable by user)
Priority Alarm Theft, vandalism, tampering � Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)
Secure Connection Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.
Location Specific Trigger initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operator
Network Provided Destination for Uplink Data
MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP address.
Infrequent Transmission The network shall establish resource only when transmission occurs
Group Based (GB) MTC features
1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for the data that is sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforced
GB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices that are members of that MTC Group
© Thierry Lestable, 201296
M2M European R&D Innovation: FP7 EXALTED
• EXpAnding LTE for Devices
© Thierry Lestable, 201297
NGMN – LTE Backhaul
IPSec +14%
LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning �Need for more Research
�Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)
X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1
Traffic Volume:
Source: Ericsson
GTP/MIP overhead ~10%
Source: Ericsson
© Thierry Lestable, 201298
TVWS for Backhaul
© Thierry Lestable, 201299
LTE in TVWS
© Thierry Lestable, 2012100
LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool facilitation?
© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)
14.8%14.8%
LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO4076 declarations (March 2011)
Critical constraintfor Femtocells
is COST EFFICIENCY!!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012101
LTE & 4G patents
6000+ patents
$4.5 billion
$2.6 billion
$770 Million$340 Million
$12.5 billion
24000+ patents
WHO’s NEXT?…
Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…Especially in Vertical Markets!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012102
Verizon LTE Innovation Center
Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)
Bicycle LiveEdge.TV
LTE Connected Car
WiFi – CellularConvergence
© Thierry Lestable, 2012104
Fixed/Mobile Convergence
It’s Mandatory to propose integrated ArchitecturesTaking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)
Source: BT Wholesale
© Thierry Lestable, 2012105
WBA – Roadmap
Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™
© Thierry Lestable, 2012106
Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH
Source: Cisco
Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’
WiMAX –M2M & Smart Grids
IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n
© Thierry Lestable, 2012108
WiMAX community turns to M2M
• IEEE 802.16p– Machine-to-Machine (M2M)– Approved: Sept. 2010– Expiration: Dec. 2014
• URL: http://ieee802.org/16/m2m/index.html
• IEEE 802.16n (GRIDMAN)– Smart Grids – Emergency, Public Safety!!
• Misleading title, stands for:– Greater Reliability In
Disrupted Metroplotian Area NW
– Approved: June 2010– Expiration: Dec. 2014
• URL: http://wirelessman.org/gridman/index.html
© Thierry Lestable, 2012109
WiMAX based M2M Architecture
Classical WiMAX NW
© Thierry Lestable, 2012110
WiMAX M2M: Requirements & Features
• Extremely Low Power Consumption• High Reliability• Enhanced Access Priority
– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)• Extremely Large Numbers of Devices• Addressing• Group Control• Security• Small burst transmission• Low/no mobility• Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)• Time Tolerant operations• One-Way Data traffic• Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)• Extremely Long Range Access• Infrequent traffic
Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…
© Thierry Lestable, 2012111
WiMAX M2M: Potential impactsM2M Requirements &
FeaturesPotential Directions with impacts on Standard
Low Power Consumption Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl, Ctrl Signalling, Device Cooperation.
High Reliability Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation procedures. Device Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g. diversity)
Enhanced Access priority BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure
Transmission attemps Large Numbers of Devices
Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entry
Group Control Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation, BW request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols
Small burst transmission New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation protocols, Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small Data. Smaller resource unit!
Low/no mobility Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt be turned off. Idle mode. Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.
Extremely Long Range access Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmission
Infrequent traffic Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocol
Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility
Smart Grids
© Thierry Lestable, 2012 113
SMART GRIDS
© Thierry Lestable, 2011114
Smart Grid overview
© Thierry Lestable, 2011115
Smart Energy Management
© Thierry Lestable, 2011116
Smart Grids: IT transport Tech
© Thierry Lestable, 2011117
Smart Grid in Brief…
© Thierry Lestable, 2011118
Grids meet Telcos
Smart Grid plane
© Thierry Lestable, 2012119
Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
Smart Grid Mapping
© Thierry Lestable, 2012120
Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
© Thierry Lestable, 2011121
Smart Grid Value Chain: Actors & Roles
TSO: Transmission System OperatorGenCo : Generation ConmpanyDSO: Distribution System OperatorVPP: Virtual Power PlantDG: Dispersed Generation
© Thierry Lestable, 2011122
Smart Grid: Functional Split
© Thierry Lestable, 2011123
EU Vs US Smart Grid StrategyEU
Background: a fragmented electricity marketDeregulation of electricity in some EC statesVision:
Start with a smart metering infrastructure then extend to a smart grid network
US Background: an aging power gridVision:
Smart meters and AMI are part of the toolbox that allows to build a smart grid infrastructure
Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementationETSI, as a global and EU based ICT standards organization, is ideally placed
Remote MeterManagement
Smart Metering
Smart Home
ConsumptionAwareness
DemandResponse
Smart Grids
SmartGrids
AMI DistributionGrid
management
ElectricalTranspor
tation
Wide AreaSituationalAwareness
…
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure
© Thierry Lestable, 2011124
Smart Grid Value chain
© Thierry Lestable, 2011125
Automated Meter Management (AMM)/Smart Meter benefits
Demand Side Demand Side Demand Side Demand Side Management and Management and Management and Management and reduction of COreduction of COreduction of COreduction of CO2222::::
�Reduction of peak load by consumers information
�Easier connection for distributed generation Soft shedding systems
�Better network observability�Demand side management
and better fraud detection in small isolated system will limit tariff compensation
Automated Meter Management:
�Data storage�Events storage�Remotely managed
Automated Meter Management:
�Data storage�Events storage�Remotely managed
WellWellWellWell----functioning functioning functioning functioning internal Market:internal Market:internal Market:internal Market:
�Better consumers information
�Better frequency and quality of billing data
�Assist the participation of consumers in the electricity supply market
�Easier access to data (IS or TIC)
�Reduction of cost and delay of interventions
Reduction of operatingReduction of operatingReduction of operatingReduction of operatingsystem costs:system costs:system costs:system costs:
�Reduction of reading and interventions costs
�Reduction of “non technical losses”
�Reduction of treatment of billing claim
�Easier quality of supply management
�No need of user presence to do simple operations
© Thierry Lestable, 2011126
Opportunity in Smart Meters: Utopia or Reality?
© Frost & Sullivan
© Thierry Lestable, 2011127
Smart Meters Market (USA)
© Thierry Lestable, 2011128
European Commission: Mandate M441 / Smart Meter
« The General objective of this mandate is to create European standards that will enable interoperability of utility meters
(water, gas, electricity, heat ), which can then improve the means by which Customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised
in order to allow timely adaptation to their demands(commonly referred to as ‘smart metering ’) »
© Thierry Lestable, 2011129
European Commission: Mandate M441 / Smart Meter
© Thierry Lestable, 2011130
Electricity Meters: French status
33 millions meters, ¾ electromechanicalOnly 7.5 millions meters of ERDF (French main DSO) are electronic.
Little or no communicating :� Each demand of cut, reactivation, tariff or power subscribed
modification needs a DSO intervention,� Only electronic meters have a “TIC” port transmitting metering
info.At most two reading a year
Biannual reading by an operator needs, in 50% cases, user to be at home.
Suppliers offers limited by access tariff structureSuppliers can’t have their own peak, peak-off,…
‘Blue’ MeterMulti-index
electromechanical MeterElectronic Meter
16.5 Million meters
9 Million meters
7.5 Million meters LinkyAMM
© Thierry Lestable, 2011131
Linky high level architecture & service
AMM limit
open
pr
otoc
ol
PLC
GPRS DSO
Suppliers
Dry C.new TIC
Users
Euridis port interoperabilityinteroperability
35M meters
700k concentrators
AMM limit
open
pr
otoc
ol
PLC
GPRS DSO
Suppliers
Dry C.new TIC
Users
Euridis port interoperabilityinteroperability interoperabilityinteroperabilityinteroperability
35M meters
700k concentrators
© Thierry Lestable, 2011132
Smart Metering (High level) architecture
Smart Elec.Smart
Water
Appliances
Temperature
Light
Wind Turbine
Solar Panel
Smart
Gas
Meters Coms
Home displays
TV, Computer
In-Home
Energy
Display
Breaker Valves
Gateway
Data Center
Wan
Communication
© Thierry Lestable, 2011133
To Smart Building
Front-endcommunication
server
Applicationserver
Energy operator
SAGEMCommunications
EnergyCollectionUnit
EnergyboxesLoad
management
AMR
Micro-generation
Local Display
From Smart Home
www WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS
ENERGY GATEWAY
WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS
LAN LAN
Real Time !
© Thierry Lestable, 2011134
Smart Metering: Deployment illustration
Metering Back Office
© Thierry Lestable, 2012135Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
Communication Networks Mapping
© Thierry Lestable, 2012136Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
Communication Technologies Mapping
© Thierry Lestable, 2012137Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
© Thierry Lestable, 2011138
G3 PLC (OFDM)
Tone notching for S-FSK compatibility
30 kHz 90 kHz
Tone notching for S-FSK compatibility
30 kHz 90 kHz
G3
OFDM System on CENELEC band A
PHY DetailsFEC: Reed-Solomon (RS) + CC(+Repetition code for robust mode)Modulation: DBPSK, DQPSK, (D8PSK)Link AdaptationCP-OFDMNfft = 256
~34Kbps
Extension of initial G3 PLC is now availableTo cover higher CENELEC bands:B/C/BC/D/BCD/BD : [98.4 – 146.8] KHz
IETF 6LoWPAN / LOAD RoutingMAC: IEEE 802.15.4PHY: G3 PLC (OFDM)
Co-existence
G1 G3•Transformer MV/LV traversal•Repeater capability
© Thierry Lestable, 2011139
Need for Trust, Privacy & SecurityCustomer behaviour (privacy) can be easily Identified, classified, and exploited commercially
� intrusive.
© Thierry Lestable, 2012140
Connected Home – Connected Living
Smart Vehicular environments
From Connected Car To
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
© Thierry Lestable, 2011142
Smart Car connectivity
© Thierry Lestable, 2011143
Smart Car: Entertainment
© Thierry Lestable, 2011144
Smart Car: Entertainment
LTE radio
Kids VoD Music & VideoStreamingNews, social Net
Videos, music, sport OS, touchscreen user interfaceMedia players…
© Thierry Lestable, 2011145
Urban Transit: smart Travel Station
© Thierry Lestable, 2011146
ITS overview
© Thierry Lestable, 2011147
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)Security & Safety• Stolen vehicle tracking• eCall Services• Roadside AssistanceThis market is expected to grow significantly thanks to country specific regulation : in US with E911 & E912 directives (“GM Onstar” standard launched in the Americas by GM and ChevyStar), in Brazil with tracking device required in all new cars from mid2009; in Europe with eCall from 2011: from 6M OBU in 2012 to 9M in 2013 (Movea).
Insurance • Monitor leased & mortgaged vehicles• Pay as you drive solutions with Crown Telecom 24Horas in Brazil (VW), other in France & Italy.
Road Charge• DSRC Module• GPS Tolling capabilitiesThis market is expected to grow significantly thanks to environmental policies in developed countries (Toll Collect in Germany, Czech Rep, Kilometre Price in NL, Ecotaxe in France) and to efficient toll collect programs in emerging countries.
Navigation & Driver Services• Dynamic Traffic Information• Route Calculation• Real-time AlertsVery fragmented market.
Interests in automotive market
© Thierry Lestable, 2011148
Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)Feature Europe Japan
Frequency Band 5.8GHz 915 MHz 5.9GHz 5.8GHzMax Throughput
(Mbps)DL: 0.5 UL: 0.25
0.5 27DL/UL: 1
to 4
Standard CEN
ARIB STD
T75 & T88
IEEE 802.11p/1609
North America
CEN DSRC norms Year TopicEN 12253 2004 L1 - PHY @ 5.8GHzEN 12795 2003 L2 - Data Link Layer (DLL)EN 12834 2003 L7 - Application LayerEN 13372 2004 DSRC profiles for RTTT
EN ISO 14906 2004 Electronic Fee Collection
CEN DSRC is not sufficient for V2V and V2I communications!
© Thierry Lestable, 2011149
WAVE, DSRC & IEEE 802.11p
• WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments)– Mode of operation used by IEEE 802.11 devices to
operate in the DSRC band• DSRC (Dedicated Short Range
Communications)– ASTM Standard E2213-03, based on IEEE 802.11a– Name of the 5.9GHz band allocated for the ITS
communications• IEEE 802.11p
– Based on ASTM Standard E2213-03• DSRC Devices
© Thierry Lestable, 2011150
WAVE, DSRC protocol Stack
© Thierry Lestable, 2011151
WAVE: Key components
• IEEE 1609– P1609.1: Resource Manager– P1609.2: Security Services for Applications &
Mgt Msgs– P1609.3: Networking Services– P1609.4: Multi-Channel Operations
© Thierry Lestable, 2011152
DSRC
• New DSRC (based on 802.11a)OLD NEW
North America
© Thierry Lestable, 2011153
DSRC: Performance EnveloppeNorth America
© Thierry Lestable, 2011154
European Commission Mandate
© Thierry Lestable, 2011155
European Commission Mandate• Legal Environment
• Standard Environment
© Thierry Lestable, 2011156
ETSI ITS: Roadmap 2009-2011
© Thierry Lestable, 2011157
New European Allocation & PHY: ITS-G5Frequency
rangeUsage Regulation Harmonized
standard5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz
Future ITS applications
ECC Decision [i.9]
ECC Decision [i.9],Commission Decision [i.13]
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
ITS non-safety applications
ECC Recommendation [i.7]
ERC Decision [i.8]Commission Decisions [i.11] and [i.12]
EN 302 571 [1]
5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz
ITS road safety
5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz
RLAN (BRAN, WLAN)
EN 301 893 [2]Channel type Centre
frequencyChannel spacing
Default data rate
TX power limit
TX power density limit
G5CC 5 900 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 33 dBm EIRP 23 dBm/MHz
G5SC2 5 890 MHz 10 MHz 12 Mbit/s 23 dBm EIRP 13 dBm/MHz
G5SC1 5 880 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 33 dBm EIRP 23 dBm/MHz
G5SC3 5 870 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 23 dBm EIRP 13 dBm/MHz
G5SC4 5 860 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 0 dBm EIRP -10 dBm/MHz30 dBm EIRP (DFS master)
17 dBm/MHz
23 dBm EIRP (DFS slave)
10 dBm/MHz
dependent on channel spacing
G5SC5 As required in [2] for the
band 5 470 MHz to
5 725 MHz
several
The physical layer of ITS-G5 shall be compliant wit h the profile of IEEE 802.11 –
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) P HY specification for the 5 GHz band
© Thierry Lestable, 2011158
V2V and V2R Communications
• Typical V2V applications– Accidents– Congestions– Blind spot warning– Lane change
• Typical V2R applications– Road Works areas– Speed limits– intersections
V2V: Vehicle-to-VehicleV2R: Vehicle-to-Roadside (infrastructure)
© Thierry Lestable, 2011159
ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• R2V communications– Roadside equipment sends warning messages– On board equipment receives these messages– Driver is made aware well in advance and has more time to react– Examples
• Road works areas, speed limits, dangerous curves, intersections
© Thierry Lestable, 2011160
ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• V2V communications– Dedicated vehicles send warning messages to other road users– On board equipment receives these messages– Driver is made aware of such events and can react accordingly– Examples
• Emergency services, traffic checks, dragnet controls
© Thierry Lestable, 2011161
ETSI ITS: Automotive Radar• Anti-Collision radar
– blind spot warning, lane change, obstacles, parking– EN 302 288 (24 GHz), EN 302 264 (79 GHz)
• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)– define desired interval and maximum speed to follow traffic– vehicle sets corresponding speed automatically– increase of traffic fluidity, decrease of emissions and fuel
consumption– EN 301 091 (77 GHz)
© Thierry Lestable, 2011162
ETSI ITS: Electronic Fee Collection• Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)
– 5,8 GHz frequency band mostly used– Base Standards elaborated by CEN
• EN 12795, EN 12834, EN 13372– Specifications for Conformance Testing elaborated by ETSI
• TS 102 486 standards family
• An envisaged component of the European Electronic Toll Service (EETS)
• Alternative deployments possible, e.g.– fees for ferries and tunnels– parking fees
• Unique ID required– service provider approach
© Thierry Lestable, 2011163
ETSI ITS: Road Transport Traffic Management
• Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)– Navigation– Traffic conditions
• avoiding congestions• finding alternative routes
– Road conditions• ice warnings• floods
• Real Time Traffic Information (RTTI)– RDS-TMC (Traffic Management Channel) for FM broadcast– Transport Protocol Experts Group (TPEG) for DAB/DMB/DVB
• Future complementary deployments– Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. congestion messages delivered to broadcasters– Roadside-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. ice sensors on bridges
© Thierry Lestable, 2011164
Railways & aeronautics
• Railways– European Rail Traffic
Management System (ERTMS)
• GSM-R• European Train Control
System (ETCS)
– GSM-R• Dedicated &
harmonized frequency band for Railways
• Air-to-Air & Air-to-Ground communications & Navigation Systems
• Single European Sky– Moving Air Traffic Ctrl
Regulation to the European Level
• GSM & RLAN onboard– LBS– Passenger information