Sunflower cultivation

Sunflower cultivation

Prince [email protected]

2

Sunflower

12/20/2013

Scientific Name : Helianthus annusFamily : Asteraceae

Constituent Composition ( %)

Hull 21- 27

Oil 48-53

Protein 14-19

Soluble Sugar 7 -9

Crude Fiber 16-27

Ash 2-3

Composition of Sunflower Seed

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Area of Cultivation

Zone States

North Punjab, Haryana

Western Gujarat

Southern Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu & Karnataka

Central Maharashtra

* Yellow coloured area on map shows sunflower cultivation in India

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Focus Area

State :Gujarat District : Kachchh Taluka : Abdhasa

Sr. No Name of the villages Expected acerage1 Lala 1000

2 Prajau 1000

3 Gadhvada 500

4 Khirsara 700

5 Dumra 500

6 Kothara 1000

Total acerage 4700

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Activities For Campaigning

• Farmers Meeting• Jeep Campaigning• Road Show• Local news paper advertise• Product demonstration• Pictorial difference between seed verities• Some gift Boucher scheme

• Educate the farmers with POPs• Farmers meeting at 15 days interval• Farmers training related to inputs for that area• ICM Training• Product demonstration• Frequent visit of FO• Training for harvest & marketing

Before Sowing During Crop Period

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Campaign Calendar

Sr.No Activities Date Person responsible1 Farmers Meeting

2 Jeep Campaigning

3 Local news paper advertise

4 Product demonstration

5 Pictorial difference between seed verities

6 Some gift Boucher scheme

7 Other activities

8 Activities during crop period

9 Activities during crop period

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Seed Variety

• PAC 361 : Late sowing, Duration : > 105 days• Syngenta 275

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Sunflower Growth cycle

Seed coat & Hypocotyl arche

Germination & Emergence

The first few leaves are oppositeeach other. As more leaves develop, the leaves

are arranged in an alternatingpattern up the stem

Emergence of 2 to 3leaves per week.

Alternate leaf arrangement after initially startingas an opposite arrangement.

Bud formation

Head Development initiationSunflower

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Agronomic Practices

Soil Type Sunflower can be grown in sandy loams, black soils and alluvial.pH range : 5.7 – 8Sunflower performs well in well drained, fertile soils with good moisture holding capacity

Crop Rotation 2 or 3 seasons/years crop rotation with traditional crops (cereals/pulses/millets) will improve soil fertility. Legume or groundnut crops are the best for rotation. Sunflower should not be followed after mustard, beans, peas (as they act as hosts for diseases)

Land Preparation Deep ploughing up to 12’’ – 18’’ followed by 2-3 harrowing & planking, collect the stubbles of previous crop and prepare clean seedbed. Mixed 3-4 tonn FYM/acre in to the soil at the time of last harrowing.

Climatic Condition : Require hot and humid weather with the relative humidity of 50 – 85%.Sunflower can be grown in dry areas too.

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Sowing

Sowing Time Early sowing : Mid Dec- Mid Jan Late Sowing : Jan Last week to Feb Last week

Sowing Distance : Spacing 60 cm x 30 cm

Method of Sowing : Dibbling method with furrow sowing

Seed Rate : 2-3 Kg /acre

Seed Treatment : Seeds should be treated with captan or ceresan @ 3 g/kg seed under dry land conditions

Thinning : Remove unhealthy & and vigorous seedling in each hole on 10 th day of sowing. Keep healthy one.Fertilizer Management :


Fertilizer & Irrigation Management

•FYM or Compost 3-4 ton/acre prior to sowing

•Basal dose kg/acre- DAP – 75 + MOP-25 or SSP-200 + MOP-25 + Urea 20 kg •Top dressing kg/acre

1st Top Dressing: Urea-40 + MOP-25 (25 DAS) ; 2nd Top Dressing: Urea-40 (40 DAS).(Follow need based application of Sulphur and Boron which are vital for seed wt. and flower opening)

Critical stage for Irrigation Button stage : 35 to 50 DAS Flowering : 55 to 65 DAS Grain Filling stage : 70 to 85 DAS

Black soil: 3-4 irrigations (12-15 days interval)

Red Loamy: Kharif: 5-6 irrigations (8-9 days interval) Summer 8-9 irrigations (7-8 days interval)


Sunflower stage Development

Weed control

Fertilizer application Irrigation Stage Physiological maturity


Harvesting•Sunflower attain its physiological maturity in 100-120 Days

•Harvesting should be done when the back of the head turns from green to lemon yellow colour and the bottom leaves start drying and withering

•At the physiological maturity, the seed attains maximum weight and oil concentration and harvesting at this stage, results in highest seed and oil yield.

•10 percent of heads should turn brown and florets attached to the seed drop naturally.

•Delay in harvesting cause reduction in seed yield due to lodging of plants and more damage due to birds, rodents and termites attack.

•Harvesting should be done by adopting proper method.

• Mechanical thresher should be used to separate seeds from flower which is labour saving and economical.

•Avoid harvesting during adverse weather condition i.e. rain and overcast weather.

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Some facts about Sunflower

Sunflower is very sensitive to wind damage in the seedling stage and for this reason, cultivation on light-textured soils susceptible to wind erosion, should be avoided unless wind erosion is being combated successfully.

Sunflower is very sensitive to water logging.

Sunflower is very sensitive to high aluminium levels and should not be planted in soils with a pH lower than 4.6.

The sunflower plant has a deep and finely branched tap-root system which can utilise water from deep soil layers, even deeper than 2 m. Consequently, the crop often performs well even during a dry season, especially in deeper soils or in soils with a high water-table.

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Important tips to be remember

Avoid extremely high temperatures during planting time, as well as the possibility of frost damage.

Compared to grain crops, sunflower utilises soil nutrients exceptionally well. The main reason for this is the finely branched and extensive root system. The roots come into contact with nutrients which cannot be utilised by other crops.

Young plants are very sensitive to strong weed competition and cannot develop fast enough to form a full shade covering which can suppress weed seedlings. Therefore, the first six weeks after planting are a critical period for the crop. Yield can be increased significantly by keeping fields free of weeds during this time.

Harvesting should commence as soon as 80 % of the sunflower heads are brown in order to minimise losses caused by birds, lodging and shattering.

Sulphur and boron application are vital for seed wt. and flower opening


Insects : Seedling Feeders in Sunflower

Molecules can be used : 1…….2……..3……..

Brands available in market 1…….2……..3……..

Stunted crop growth due to feeders


Sunflower Defoliators

Sunflower Beetle GrasshoppersThistle CaterpillarWeber




Sunflower Seed Feeder

Head clipper weevils chew holes around the stem, effectively girdling it. It breaks over, and could be mistaken for hail injury.

Sunflower midge is a pest, usually in the northern plains, that causes the head grow in a distorted way (folding, convoluted). It could mimic hail damage under the right circumstances



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Grasshoppers in Sunflowers

• Grasshoppers are a sporadic problem in Oklahoma, because they can build up in large numbers and caused physical damage to the leaves and seed.

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Disease



Rust Powdery Mildew Alternaria leaf blight Head Rot

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Disease

Downy MildewMosaic Disease Necrosis Virus Selerotinia wilt




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Sunflower cultivation