Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 1

Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns

Ian Sommerville

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5X-ridjaOY

Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 2

Stakeholders

• Sources of requirements

Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 3

Stakeholders

• People or roles who are affected, in some way, by a system and so who can contribute requirements or knowledge to help you understand the requirements

Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 4

Medical information system

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Medical system stakeholders

• Doctors

• Nurses

• Patients

Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 6

Medical system stakeholders

• Hospital managers

• Administrators

• Owners of other connected systems

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Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 8

Stakeholder groups• Clinical stakeholders

– Doctors

– Nurses

– Other healthcase professionals

• Management stakeholders– Hospital managers

– Administrators

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Viewpoints

• Viewpoints are a way of organising and grouping requirements that have been elicited from stakeholders

Stakeholders, viewpoints and concerns, 2013 Slide 10

Examples of viewpoints

• End-user viewpoint

• Managerial viewpoint

• System administration viewpoint

• Engineering viewpoint

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Engineering viewpoint

• Engineers who are developing the system create requirements depending on the techniques and technology used to develop the system

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Stakeholders and viewpoints

Stakeholders

requirements

VP1VP2

VP4VP3

Provide information about

Requirements are grouped into viewpoints

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Concerns• Concerns are issues that an

organisation must pay attention to and that are systemic i.e. they apply to the system as a whole

• Not concerned with individual functions, features of a system or individual stakeholder requirements

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• Concerns are cross-cutting issues that may affect all system stakeholders and the requirements from these stakeholders

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Concerns

Software and hardware

Operators and managers

Society

The organisation

SafetyAvailabilitySecurity

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The socio-technical triangle

Stakeholders are at different levels in the triangle

Software and hardware

Operators and managers

Society

The organisation

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• Concerns help bridge the gap between organisational goals (what the organisation has to achieve) and system requirements (how a system contributes to these goals)

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Summary• Stakeholders

– People who have an ‘interest’ or a ‘stake’ in the system

• Viewpoints– Groups of related requirements from

stakeholders

• Concerns– Cross-cutting systemic organizational issues

that generate requirements