Species Diversification in Species Diversification in Brackish Water SectorBrackish Water Sector

Directorate of Fisheries, OrissaDirectorate of Fisheries, Orissa

ObjectiveObjective

• To develop a sustainable brackish To develop a sustainable brackish waterwater culture practiceculture practice

• Utilize the abandoned water area Utilize the abandoned water area and and shrimp ponds for better shrimp ponds for better economic economic growthgrowth

RESOURCE STATUS

INLAND SECTORINLAND SECTORTanks & Ponds Tanks & Ponds 1.211.21 Lakh ha.Lakh ha. ReservoirsReservoirs 2.02.0 Lakh ha.Lakh ha. Lakes/ Swamps Lakes/ Swamps 1.801.80 Lakh ha. Lakh ha. Rivers & CanalsRivers & Canals 1.711.71 Lakh ha.Lakh ha.

TOTALTOTAL 6.72 6.72 Lakh ha.Lakh ha.BRACKISHWATER (BW) SECTORBRACKISHWATER (BW) SECTORArea suitable for coastal aquacultureArea suitable for coastal aquaculture 0.33 0.33 Lakh ha.Lakh ha.Back WatersBack Waters 0.08 Lakh ha.0.08 Lakh ha.LakesLakes 0.79 Lakh ha.0.79 Lakh ha.EstuariesEstuaries 2.98 Lakh ha.2.98 Lakh ha.

TOTALTOTAL 4.18 4.18 Lakh ha.Lakh ha.MARINE SECTORMARINE SECTORTotal coast line of the StateTotal coast line of the State 480 Kms.480 Kms.Continental Shelf area Continental Shelf area in different depth zonein different depth zone 24,000 Sq. Km.24,000 Sq. Km.Maximum Sustainable YieldMaximum Sustainable Yield 1.61 Lakh MT1.61 Lakh MTFishing Fleet size:Fishing Fleet size:

Mechanised craftMechanised craft 1872 Nos.1872 Nos.Motorised country craftMotorised country craft 4579 Nos.4579 Nos.Country craftCountry craft 2842 Nos.2842 Nos.TOTAL TOTAL 9293 Nos.9293 Nos.

Potential & Opportunity Potential & Opportunity Freshwater Aquaculture PotentialFreshwater Aquaculture Potential

SlSl ResourcesResources Water AreaWater Area(in Lakh Ha)(in Lakh Ha)

Total Total production production potentialiypotentialiy(in lakh MT)(in lakh MT)

Current level of Current level of production production ( Lakh MT)( Lakh MT)

11 Culture Fisheries:Culture Fisheries:Tanks & PondsTanks & Ponds 1.211.21 2.652.65 1.901.90

22 Culture Based Capture Fisheries:Culture Based Capture Fisheries:

ReservoirsReservoirs 2.002.00 0.200.20 0.120.12

33 Capture Fisheries:Capture Fisheries:

Lakes/ Swamps Lakes/ Swamps 1.801.80 0.360.36 0.020.02

Rivers & CanalsRivers & Canals 1.711.71 0.140.14 0.110.11

TOTALTOTAL 6.726.72 3.353.35 2.152.15

Coastal Aquaculture PotentialCoastal Aquaculture Potential

SlSl ResourcesResources Water Area Water Area

(Lakh ha)(Lakh ha)Total Production Total Production

potentiality (in potentiality (in

lakh MT)lakh MT)

Present Present

producytion producytion

level (in lakh level (in lakh

MT)MT)

11 Area suitable for Area suitable for coastal aquaculturecoastal aquaculture

0.330.33 0.330.33 0.110.11

22 LakesLakes 0.790.79 0.080.08 0.120.12

33 Estuaries/ Back Estuaries/ Back WatersWaters

3.063.06 0.260.26 0.020.02

TOTALTOTAL 4.184.18 0.670.67 0.250.25

IntroductionIntroduction

•Aquaculture in India though have been Aquaculture in India though have been in practice for ages scientific culture has in practice for ages scientific culture has been meticulously practiced in early been meticulously practiced in early 1990’s1990’s•Brackish water aquaculture synonym to Brackish water aquaculture synonym to tiger shrimp culture has increased to 100 tiger shrimp culture has increased to 100 thousands MT thousands MT •The spread of disease i.e. WSSV has The spread of disease i.e. WSSV has compelled the aquaculturist to think of compelled the aquaculturist to think of species diversification in brackish water species diversification in brackish water system system •Some of the species for diversification Some of the species for diversification areare SPF L. vannamei, Sea bass, Mud crab, SPF L. vannamei, Sea bass, Mud crab, Mullets, pearlspot, milk fish, mussels etc. Mullets, pearlspot, milk fish, mussels etc.

Culture of Culture of Litopeneaus Litopeneaus vannameivannamei• Litopeneaus vannameiLitopeneaus vannamei is a species is a species

origin from western region introduced origin from western region introduced in Asia in late 90’s and in India in 2009in Asia in late 90’s and in India in 2009

• SPF SPF L. vannameiL. vannamei culture is more culture is more advantageous , profitable and gives advantageous , profitable and gives faster return on investment than faster return on investment than P. P. monodonmonodon

• Domesticated broodstock and Domesticated broodstock and guaranteed seed quality at any time guaranteed seed quality at any time

• More number of crops per yearMore number of crops per year

• Increased yield per crop with lower Increased yield per crop with lower production cost and higher production cost and higher profitabilityprofitability

•No slow growth or size variationNo slow growth or size variation•Brackish water ponds utilize for Brackish water ponds utilize for

tiger shrimp can be used for this tiger shrimp can be used for this cultureculture

•Technology is available for cultureTechnology is available for culture•Standard pelleted feed is alsoStandard pelleted feed is also

availableavailable

Mud Crab (Scylla sps) culutreMud Crab (Scylla sps) culutre

• The mud crabs S. serrata and S.tranquberica The mud crabs S. serrata and S.tranquberica contributes a considerable component of contributes a considerable component of coastal fisheries coastal fisheries

• Important source of income for small scale Important source of income for small scale fishersfishers

• High price and demand in market for live crabs High price and demand in market for live crabs resulted in targeted fisheryresulted in targeted fishery

• High growth rate(500 gm in 5-6 months by High growth rate(500 gm in 5-6 months by stocking crab lets of 50 to 100 gm size reared stocking crab lets of 50 to 100 gm size reared from crab instars)from crab instars)

• Culture technology is available with CIBA and Culture technology is available with CIBA and CMFRICMFRI

• Certified seed (crab lets) is available with Certified seed (crab lets) is available with RGCA/CIBARGCA/CIBA

• Production level is 1344kg per ha with 0.5 nos per Production level is 1344kg per ha with 0.5 nos per square mtr.with survival 50% along with a culture square mtr.with survival 50% along with a culture period of 174 day in demonstration pond at period of 174 day in demonstration pond at Sunapur village, Ganjam by MPEDASunapur village, Ganjam by MPEDA

• Harvestable size was 462gmHarvestable size was 462gm• Pelleted feed is standardized Pelleted feed is standardized • Bank finance can be obtained and 40% subsidy Bank finance can be obtained and 40% subsidy

from NFDB is admissiblefrom NFDB is admissible• Small backyard ponds can be converted to crab Small backyard ponds can be converted to crab

ponds ponds • Abandoned shrimp ponds can be utilized Abandoned shrimp ponds can be utilized • Cage and pen culture can be taken upCage and pen culture can be taken up• Crab fattening can be taken up at places where Crab fattening can be taken up at places where

moulted crabs are availablemoulted crabs are available

Sea bass ( Lates calcarifer)Sea bass ( Lates calcarifer)

• Lates calcarifer is commonly known as sea bass/ Lates calcarifer is commonly known as sea bass/ BhektiBhekti

• It is bisexual and highly carnivorousIt is bisexual and highly carnivorous• It can commercially cultivated in brackish water It can commercially cultivated in brackish water

ponds/ abandoned shrimp ponds as well as ponds/ abandoned shrimp ponds as well as freshwater ponds in the coastal areasfreshwater ponds in the coastal areas

• It has high growth rate during second year(in It has high growth rate during second year(in culture pond it grows from 1kg to 6-7kg) and culture pond it grows from 1kg to 6-7kg) and highly preferred as table fishhighly preferred as table fish

• Culture and hatchery technology is already Culture and hatchery technology is already standardized standardized

• Sea bass Culture carried out in two Sea bass Culture carried out in two phases i.e. Nursery and grow out phases i.e. Nursery and grow out phasephase

• Tilapia can be utilize as forage fish Tilapia can be utilize as forage fish for natural feedfor natural feed

• Pelleted feed is also available Pelleted feed is also available commerciallycommercially

• Bank finance can be obtained and Bank finance can be obtained and 40% subsidy from NFDB is admissible40% subsidy from NFDB is admissible

Pearl Spot(Etroplus Pearl Spot(Etroplus suratensis)suratensis)• It is commonly known as KHURANTAIt is commonly known as KHURANTA

• It is highly priced and highly It is highly priced and highly preferred food fishpreferred food fish

• It is a candidate species compatible It is a candidate species compatible for culture with shrimpsfor culture with shrimps

• Seed is available locally from Chilka Seed is available locally from Chilka lagoonlagoon

Green Mussel(Perna viridis)Green Mussel(Perna viridis)

• Mussels are group of aquatic molluscs Mussels are group of aquatic molluscs widely distributed in rocky shores of Indiawidely distributed in rocky shores of India

• Mussels are filter feeder , low in the food Mussels are filter feeder , low in the food chain , can be grown in coastal areas with chain , can be grown in coastal areas with high salinity . high salinity .

• It can be cultured in back water and It can be cultured in back water and estuaries .estuaries .

• Spat can be collected from coastal waterSpat can be collected from coastal water

• It can be cultured in three ways .It can be cultured in three ways .

1.Rack culture 1.Rack culture

2.Raft culture2.Raft culture

3.On bottom culture3.On bottom culture

• Rack culture is more popular in our Rack culture is more popular in our country and can attend 50 gm. Size in 3- 4 country and can attend 50 gm. Size in 3- 4 months .months .

• Mussel meat is highly proteinaceous and Mussel meat is highly proteinaceous and of low cost and is due key to eradicate of low cost and is due key to eradicate Malnutrition among the poor.Malnutrition among the poor.

• In orissa potential for culture is available In orissa potential for culture is available at Bahuda estuary , Ganjam. at Bahuda estuary , Ganjam.

Milk fish ( Chanos chanos )Milk fish ( Chanos chanos )• Milk fish culture is practiced for over Milk fish culture is practiced for over

hundred years in Asian countries hundred years in Asian countries • It provides additional livelihood and food It provides additional livelihood and food

production opportunities for coastal fishers production opportunities for coastal fishers • Seed is available in wild and hardySeed is available in wild and hardy• Spawners are of high fecundSpawners are of high fecund• Growth rate is higher than other Growth rate is higher than other

herbivorous speciesherbivorous species• It is highly resistant to diseases It is highly resistant to diseases • It can be cultured in shallow Brackishwater It can be cultured in shallow Brackishwater

pond pond • Milk fish being not cannibalistic can be Milk fish being not cannibalistic can be

cultured with high stocking density in cultured with high stocking density in ponds with organic loadponds with organic load