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Juli Keith
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Juli Keith
Spanish 3 Grammar Book 2nd Semester
Conditional + irregulars Perfect Tenses
Present Past Present perfect irregulars Subjunctive perfect
Tanto and Tan Impersonal ‘se’ Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos
Informal/Formal Affirmative Negative Irregular DOP and IOP placement
Table of Contents
Nosotros Command Mono
Subjunctive and irregulars Trigger phrases
Impersonal expressions Expressions of emotion Conjunctions of time
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
Would, should, could, must have, wondered if, probably was
ía íamos infinitive + ending
ías
ía ían
Conditional Tense
Ex: Si pudiera comer, comería las galletasIf I could eat, I would eat the cookies
Terminaría mi tareaI should finish my homework
Add conditional endings to the irregular stems (same ones as future)
Ex: Vendría a tu fiesta, pero tengo mucho tarea
I would come to your party, but I have a lot of homework
Conditional Irregulares
Perfect Tense
Present Perfect
Ex:He comido una hamburguesaI just ate a hamburger
Auxiliary verb “had” (haber) + past participle Había Habías Había Habíamos ------ habían
Past Perfect
Ex: Ella había aprendido muchoShe had learned a lot
Abrir- abierto
Cubrir- cubierto
Decir- dicho
Escribir- escrito
Hacer- hecho
Morir- muerto
Poner- puesto
Resolver- resueto
Romper- roto
Present Participle Irregulars
Ver- vistoVolver- vueltoIr-ido
Used when a verb or expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect
Indicates the action as completed with governing verbs in the present or future tense or command forms Haya Hayas Haya Hayamos hayan
Perfect Subjunctive
Ex: Dudo que lo hayas hechoI doubt that you did it
Tan
Used for comparisons of equality using adjectives and adverbs
Tan+ adv/adj + como
Ex: Juan es tan alto como Cynthia
Tanto
Used for comparisons of equality with nouns
Tanto/a/os/as + noun + como
Ex: Katie tiene tanta tarea como su hermana
Tan and Tanto
❈ Use the impersonal se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb
❈ Verb is ALWAYS 3rd person
❈ Se can be used in all tenses
❈ Ex: Se habla español aquí
❈ One speaks Spanish here
❈ Ex: ¿Cómo se dice?
❈ How does one say?
Impersonal Se
Saber: To know information/facts/knowledge/ how to do something Ex: Sé español. I
know Spanish.
Conocer: To know a person, place or literary work Conozco Pablo. I
know Pablo.
Saber vs. Conocer
sé
sabessabe
sabemos
saben
conozco
conocesconocen
conocemos
conocen
Informal/ Formal Commands: Affirmative
EX Informal: Come tu hamburguesa
Ex Formal: Coma su hamburguesa
Informal/Formal Commands: Negative
Ex Informal: No lo bebasDon’t drink it
Ex Formal: No lo bebaDon’t drink it
In formal commands, the verb conjugation stays the same to make it negative. Just add a “no” before it
Informal Commands: Irregulars
Ex: Sal ahoraLeave now Ex: no lo tenga
Don’t have it
Formal Irregular Commands
Affirmative
Attach object pronouns directly to the end of the command and add an accent where stress is needed Cómpralo
If both direct and indirect object pronouns are attached, the indirect object pronoun comes 1st Cómpremelo usted
Negative
Object pronouns come before the command, after the “no” No lo compras
If both DOP and IOP are present, IOP DOP command No me lo compre
DOP and IOP placement
Put it in the 1st person present tense, drop the “o”, and add the opposite nosotros ending
Correr --> corramos
Mono commands
With reflexive verbs, you drop the final “S” of the command form before attaching the reflexive pronoun
Levantemos levantémonos
Nosotros Commands
Subjunctive
Irregulars
(Same as formal command irregulars- TVDISHES)
also car, gar, zars
Dar Dé Des Dé Demos den
Estar Esté Estés Esté Estemos Estén
Haber Haya Hayas Haya Hayamos hayan
Ir Vaya Vayas Vaya Vayamos Vayan
Saber Sepa Sepas Sepa Sepamos Sepan
Ser Sea Seas Sea Seamos sean
Impersonal Expressions
Use a subjunctive after an impersonal expression such as but not limited to the ones to the left
Ex: Es necesario que reciba un 100% en esta proyecto
Indicate fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise or other sentiments or biases
Expressions of Emotion
Ojalá que… I hope that
Es bueno que… it’s good that
Es raro que… it’s strange that
Temo que… I fear that
Es preferible que… it’s preferable that
Sentir que… to be sorry/pity that
Tengo miedo de que… I am afraid that
Alegrarse de que… to be happy that
Es peor que… it’s worse that
Me alegro de que… I am happy that
Es justo que… it’s fair that
Es mejor que… it’s better that
Conjunctures of Time
Ex: Estudié hasta que comí cena. Estudia hasta que coma cena.I studied until I ate dinner. Study until you eat dinner.
Estudio hasta que como cena. Estudiaré hasta que comerá cena.I (usually) study until I eat dinner. I will study until I eat dinner.
- always agree in gender and number with the noun they modify/ replace
- Adjectives always come in front of the noun they modify
To make it a pronoun, put an accent over the 1st e!
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns