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BY LEVI PING
Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer
Definition
The process of cloning with a donor somatic cell and a donor egg cell
Somatic: Any Diploid Cell in the BodyNuclear: Relating to the Nucleus of a Cell
Origin of Development
First done by Scottish Scientists from the Roslin Institute by Cloning the Famous Sheep Dolly
Dolly the Sheep
The Process
1. Remove nuclei from both cells2. Insert Somatic Nuclei into Egg cell3. Insert Somatic Cell into the Mother4. Wait till the Clone is born
The Steps of Transfer
Uses for Today and the Future
• Cloning Animals for Research
• Cloning Endangered SpeciesIn order to expand population
• Cloning Extinct SpeciesTo Research their Behaviorand Other Characteristics
Limits of Somatic Cloning
• Somatic Cloning can only be done on mammals and no other species
• There is still a High Percentage of the Clone Dying when the Mother is Pregnant
• The Ethical Issues Behind the Cloning Experiments and the Future of Cloning
• Still Really New
Somatic Cloning on A Wooly Mammoth
In 2002 Scientists found a Preserved Wooly Mammoth and the Plan is to do Somatic Cloning except Place the Embryo in an Elephant instead. However the Scientists need to replicate Lost DNA due to Age.
Problems With Somatic Cloning
About 90% of Clones FailMany Clones are often at a higher risk of
Disease and Infection than non-clonesClones are at a higher risk of Genetic
Defects and AbnormalitiesComplete DNA is Needed and not just a
Couple Strands
Animals that Have been Cloned
• Sheep• Goats• Cows • Mice• Pigs• Cats• Rabbits• Gaur