LeeRoy Bronner, Ph.D., P.E.Master Student: Akeila Richards

Morgan State UniversityDepartment of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Information Systems Engineering

5200 Perring Parkway Baltimore, MD 21251

Integrating Multi-Agent Technology with Cognitive Modeling to Develop an

Insurgency Information Framework (IIF)

AgendaAgenda• Overview

• Why This Research?• Definitions• Problem Definition• Insurgency Research System

• Methodology• Agent Development Environment• Object-Oriented Development Life Cycle• Model Driven Architecture• Multi-Agent Development Process• Tools Requirements

• Conclusion

Why This Research?Why This Research?• This Research Addresses Decision Support Systems

• Rapid and Accurate Decision Making That Improves Over Time (Adaptive Systems)

• This Research Provides A System Approach For Resolving Problems That Arise in Social System Environments

• Develop A Framework For Decision Making

• This Research Does Not Address Prediction!This Research Does Not Address Prediction!

DefinitionsDefinitionsInsurgency: an armed rebellionarmed rebellion by any irregular armed force that rises up against an established authority, against an established authority, government, or administrationgovernment, or administration. Those carrying out an insurgency are insurgents. InsurgentsInsurgents conduct sabotage conduct sabotage and harassmentand harassment. Insurgents usually are in opposition to opposition to a civil authority or governmenta civil authority or government primarily in the hope of improving their condition.

Terrorism: systematic use of terrorsystematic use of terror, manifesting itself in violence and intimidation. Those carrying out terrorismare terrorist. Terrorist conduct conduct violence for the purposeviolence for the purpose of creating fear in order to achieve a political, of creating fear in order to achieve a political, economic, religious, or ideologicaleconomic, religious, or ideological goalgoal.

Framework: A logical structurelogical structure for classifying and organizing complex information.

Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

The Army is constantly seeking to better understand the social phenomena of insurgency as it assumes a peacekeeping role in the Iraqi region and as it combats the elevated death tollsassociated with insurgency.

The problem to be addressed by this research is:

1. How can insurgency data best be researched, defined and presented to military leaders for decision making?

2. How can decisions be observed and evaluated to measure the potential impact on lives in a war zone?

How are insurgencies planned for and what is the process?

How are insurgencies carried out and what is the process?

Are there any consistencies in the locations and surroundings where insurgencies are carried out?

Why are more Iraqi women becoming insurgents?

Sample Insurgency Questions Sample Insurgency Questions That might be Addressed by This ResearchThat might be Addressed by This Research

Insurgency Research System Insurgency Research System

Data GatheringLiterature, Internet,

Interviews, News Networks

Citizen & InsurgencyDatabase

Insurgency Model(OOM-MDA-AOM)

GeographicInformation

System

Virtual WorldInsurgency

Model

Every Day Life of Iraq

Citizens

Insurgencyin

Iraq

Impact On

Visualization

Psychology

Engineering

Collaboration

METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Agent Oriented Development Environment Agent Oriented Development Environment

Institution Institution

Institution

Electronic Institution

Cognitive Agent

Multi-Agent Society

Belief Desire

Intention

Applied To

Visualization Layer

Superimposed On

( BDI )

Regulated Environment

3D Virtual World Interface

Avatars

User

Knowledge

Interacts WithInteracts With

GuidesGuides

VerifiesVerifies

ProblemDefinition

Use CaseModel

AnalysisModel

ImplementationModel

Test Model

DeploymentModel

DesignModel

Object DiagramClass Diagram

Sequence Diagram

Collaboration Diagram

State Diagram

Activity Diagram

Use Case Diagram

Deployment Diagram

Component Diagram

Activity Diagram

Object-Oriented Development Life CycleObject-Oriented Development Life CycleImplemented using Enterprise Architect

Reference: Tsang, Curtis, et al., “Object-Oriented Technology,” McGraw Hill, 2005.

CIM PIM PSMProblem

Definition

Use CasesClass

DiagramsAlgorithms

Prototypes

ComponentModel

Business Rules

BusinessProcesses

ProblemSolution

SequenceDiagrams

ComponentSpecifications

InterfaceSpecifications

ImplementationDiagrams

Code

HTML &Java Scripts

UserInterface

Webservice

Implementation Detail Analysis Initial Analysis

Model Driven Architecture (MDA)Model Driven Architecture (MDA)

BDI Agent SystemBDI Agent System

Plan(Library)

Goals(Desires)

Interpreter(Reasoner)

Tasks(Intentions)

OntologyDatabase(Beliefs)

ENVIRONMENT

CommandGenerator

Monitor

AdoptedGoals

PerceptionDeliberation

BeliefBase

PlanLibrary

RunningPlans

InternalEvents

Actions

Instantiate Plans

Selection for Execution

Query, Add, Remove Facts

Belief/Condition Events

Handle Events

Evaluate State

Adopt New Goals

Dispatch Sub-Goals / Events

Start

End

Perceptions

Agent

Jadex BDI ArchitectureGoal-Oriented Reasoning Engine

Agent BDI Model

Multi-Agent SystemsMulti-Agent Systems

Reference: Jennings, Nick, “Agent-Based Computing: Promise and Perils,”Presentation, Dept of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton.

3D Electronic Institution Concept3D Electronic Institution Concept

Only systems that have a high degree of interactions need to be structured in order to avoid violations

Reference: Bogdanovych, Esteva, et al, “A Methodology for developing MAS as 3D Electronic Institutions, Proceedings from 8th International Workshop on Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE'07).

Integrated Multi-Agent Development ProcessIntegrated Multi-Agent Development Process

Microsoft Access

Cognitive Modeling Application

JADEX Software/ JADE Platform

Sociological Domain

Agent-Oriented Model

(Problem Vocabulary)

Multi-AgentSystem

Development

BDI Architecture Ontology

Database

ProblemDomain

Database

CommunicationServer

Electronic Institution Developmental Cycle

Design

Verify

Test

Deployment

Development

Simulate

ISLANDER: graphical tool for specification of rules & protocols in eI

AMELI: software platform to run eI

aBuilder: agent development tool

SIMDEI: simulation tool to animate & analyze eI

iGrafix FlowCharter

Enterprise Architect

2nd Life Virtual World Technology

Visualization LayerBehavioralExperimentation

Insurgency Questions

to beAnswered

Runtime ArchitectureRuntime Architecture

Second Life ©

Reference: Bogdanovych, Esteva, et al., “A Methodology for developing MAS as 3D Electronic Institutions, Proceedings from 8th International Workshop on Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE'07).

Tools RequirementsTools Requirements

• Analysis – Microsoft Visio– iGrafx FlowCharter– Enterprise Architect– UML

• Development – JADE– Jadex– JESS– Java– EIDE

• Visualization– Second Life

Development of an Insurgency Information Framework Development of an Insurgency Information Framework Using Multi-Agent TechnololgyUsing Multi-Agent Technololgy

ProblemDefinition

OOPMDA

AOP

Agent Analysis

Language

Mutli-Agent System

Mediated Environment

BDI

Application

AgentMiddleware

VirtualWorlds

ExampleSecond

Life

UnifiedModelingLanguage

CommunicationInterface

ProblemEnvironment

Social Application

SocialSolution

Application Visualization

JADE

Jadex

Electronic Institution

InsurgencyInformationFramework

ConclusionConclusionApplication of software engineering technology can support advanced sociological analysis in combating the Insurgency Crisis:

1. Developing an IIF enables the Army to extract significant knowledge useful in making more informed decisions

2. Integrating the IIF model with a Software Engineering Technology Workbench provides a structure that can be updated, verified, and easily integrated with other models

3. Modeling behavior through the application of Distributed MAS implemented in a 3D virtual world environment allows decision makers to:

1. Model behavior of objects

2. Choose/ observe actions of human like entities

3. Calculate/ measure paths to outcomes

4. Assess outcomes

5. Initiate treatment and/ support

6. Reform policy

4. The social computing methodology can support decision making in any sociological environment

References• 1. Taatgen, N., etl, “Modeling Paradigm in ACT-R,” • http://www.ai.rug.nl/~niels/publications/taatgenLebiereAnderson.pdf• 2. Belagoda, T., etl, “A Critical Study of Cougaar Agent Architecture,” • http://www.utdallas.edu/~kandula/docs/COUGAAR_final.pdf, 2005.• 3. Braubach, L., “Jadex: Implementing a BDI-Infrastructure for JADE Agents,” • http://vsis-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/getDoc.php/publications/• 124/pokahrbraubach2003jadex-exp.pdf• 4. Brazier, F., etl, “Beliefs, Intentions and Desire,” • http:// ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/KAW/KAW96/brazier/default.html.• 5. Mellor, S. J., Balcer, M. J., “Executable UML: A Foundation for Model-Driven Architecture,”

Addison-Wesley, New York, N.Y., 2002.• 6. Wooldridge, Michael, “An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems,” John Wiley & Sons, LTD.,

Hoboken, N.J., 2002.• 7. Arcos, Josep, etl, “An Integrated Development Environment for Electronic Institutions,”

http://www.iiia.csic.es/~jar/papers/2005/agent-book-camera.pdf• 8. Brown, D. “An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis: Objects in Plain English,” John Wiley &

Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1997.• 9. SPARX Systems, Enterprise Architect, Version 7.0,• http://www.sparxsystems.com.au/products/ea.html• 10. Grice, P., “Studies of the Ways of Words,” Harvard University Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts, 1989.• 11. Bodganovych, A., etl, “A Methodology for Developing MAS as 3D Electronic Institutions,”

http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mml/aose2007/accepted/assets/9-bagdanovych-fin.pdf.• 12. Kapor, M., “ The Power of Second Life,” • http://www.3pointd.com/20060820/mitch-kapor-on-the-power-of-second-life/