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CLEAN ENERGY IN MESSICO FILIPPO BERARDI Climate Change Specialist www.fomin.org
2.
1. CHI SIAMO AL MIF?
2. CLIMATESCOPE
3. CLEAN ENERGY IN MESSICO
4. LA RIFORMA ENERGETICA (ENGLISH)
5. PROGETTO SMART METERS (ENGLISH)
6. Q&A
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3.
1. CHI SIAMO AL MIF?
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4.
1.1 IL MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT FUND
Membro dell’Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB)
La maggiore fonte di assistenza tecnica verso il settore privato in LAC
Un laboratorio per l’innovazione per testare e diffondere nuovi business models
Vari strumenti finanziari usati, che includono finanziamenti non rimborsabili per assisenza tecnica, prestiti e investimenti diretti
Focus sullo sviluppo della PMI, famiglie a basso ingresso e protezione ambiente
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5.
1.2 MIF NEL CONTESTO DEL GRUPPO BID
x
La principale fonte di
fondi per l’assistenza tecnica per PMI e ONG in
LAC
La principale fonte di finanza per lo sviluppo verso
Governi in America Latina e Caribe (LAC)
Lo sportello del settore privato del Gruppo
BID, fornisce finanziamenti per lo sviluppo di progetti e
imprese di medie dimensioni in LAC.
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6.
1.3 IMPULSO PER L’ ATTIVITÀ PRIVATA
Il MIF ha un ruolo chiave nel facilitare accesso a finanziamenti per tecnologie verdi in LAC…
– Creando green technology funds per aumentare le possibilita di accesso al finanziamento per aziende di clean tech
– Ponendo le basi per mobilitare (micro) finanziamenti affinche’ PMI e famiglie a basso ingresso possano avere accesso a prodotti o servizi verdi
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7.
1.4 IMPULSO PER L’ ATTIVITÀ PRIVATA
… e nel sviluppare anelli mancanti
nella catena di valore per clean tech:
– Fornendo ‘capacity building’ a managers di fondi di investimento in clean tech, PMI e service providers
– Collegando PMI alle catene di valore dei prodotti clean tech
– Testando nuovi ‘buisness models’ per la generazione distribuita, incluso quella off-grid per popolazioni remote
– Abbassando i costi di acecsso alle informazioni per piccoli produttori e consumatori di clean tech (market intelligence)
+
= +
BUSINESS
LIVELIHOODS
ACCESS TO
SERVICES
ENERGY
CO2 REDUCTION
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8.
2. CLIMATESCOPE
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9.
2.1 CLIMATESCOPE 2014
Climatescope: Report, Indice e On-line Tool interattiva che fornisce informazioni dettagliate per addetti ai lavori del settore low-carbon e clean energy
Sviluppato dal MIF in collaborazione con Bloomberg New Energy Finance, UK DFID and Power Africa
2014: Terza edizione. 55 tra i più importanti paesi in via di sviluppo in LAC, Africa e Asia.
http://global-climatescope.org/en/
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10. www.fomin.org
11.
3. CLEAN ENERGY IN MESSICO
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12. www.fomin.org
13.
La maggior parte degli investimenti
in clean energy in Messico ad oggi
sono stati fatti nell’eolico (82%).
Piccolo idroelettrico (5%),
geotermico (5%), biomassa /
rivalorizzazione rifiuti (5%) e solare
(3%) rappresentano ancora una
piccola frazione degli investimenti.
3.1 CLIMATESCOPE MÉXICO
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14.
Il prezzo dell’energia elettrica in
Messico è cresciuto a un ritmo
elevato, del 4.3% all’anno, tra il
2006 e il 2013.
Prezzo medio (retail) nel 2013
di $0.17/kWh, ma utenti
commerciali e utenti
residenziali con alto consumo
(DAC) pagano $0.23/kWh e
$0.28 kWh rispettivamente.
Ottime risorse per generazione
distribuita, specialmente solare
fotovoltaico, ma politiche pre-
riforma non sufficienti (energy
bank net-metering)
Obbiettivi della riforma del settore energetico
includono la promozione di maggior
competitività nella generazione. Attraverso
l’abolizione del monopolio statale nella
generazione, ci si propone di incrementare il
numero delle imprese di generazione,
creando uno spot-market per l'elettricità.
3.2 CLIMATESCOPE MÉXICO
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15.
4. MEXICO ENERGY SECTOR REFORM
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Miguel Angel Hernandez Director, Smart Grids & Utility Solutions AF-MERCADOS EMI
Sonsoles Martínez Consultant, Smart Grids & Utility Solutions AF-MERCADOS EMI
16.
4.1 MEXICO ENERGY SECTOR REFORM
Objectives
• Decrease Generation costs by increasing market participants and
competition.
• Strengthen security of supply, in particular facilitating distributed generation
to compensate potential bottlenecks in transmission.
• Loss Reduction (from actual 21% ATC&C), where Small Electrical Systems
play an important role in the new framework.
• Compliance with environmental policy targets by fostering renewable
energy sources (expected 35% renewable generation by 2024).
Distributed PV and Mini-Grids systems perfectly fit in the rationale of the new framework.
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17.
PREVIOUS FRAMEWORK
• CFE (the state-owned utility) was
the sole electricity provider with the
commitment to supply energy at
least possible cost.
• Private Generation was allowed
only for PPAs with CFE or self
consumption.
• Transmission, distribution and
commercialisation of electricity
were under monopoly of the CFE.
REFORM
• Introduce Competition in the
sector and creates an open Market.
• Private Generation is now
allowed, but subject to market
regulations to be approved over the
coming months.
• Transmission remains a monopoly.
Distribution is in principle a
monopoly but with room for private
investors. Commercialisation
becomes a free market with an
electricity spot price.
4.2 MEXICO ENERGY SECTOR REFORM (i)
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18.
PREVIOUS FRAMEWORK
• CFE was in charge of all
operations, monitoring and
authorizations in the National
Electricity System (SEN).
• SENER (Ministry of Energy) was in
charge of issuing regulations for the
sector.
• CRE (regulator) was in charge of
proposing tariffs and developing the
secondary regulations
REFORM
• CFE disposes of some of the
previous activities.
• SENER is now in charge of high level sector planning.
• CRE participates in the planning and provides authorizations for
generation.
• CENACE becomes the ISO and
shall propose the G&T plans to be
approved by SENER. Also in
charge of Auxiliary Services.
4.3 MEXICO ENERGY SECTOR REFORM (ii)
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19.
PREVIOUS FRAMEWORK
• Generation >0.5MW -> PPA with
CFE.
• Smaller plants sold their energy
with an administrative contract.
• There were no independent
Retailers (only CFE)
REFORM
• CRE provides the authorization to
the plants > 0.5MW.
• Smaller plants do not need authorization but require an
intermediate retailer.
• Retailers are required and shall be
authorized by CRE.
• Basic Service
• Eligible Customers Service
• Last Resource Service (for
Eligible Customers only)
4.4 MEXICO ENERGY SECTOR REFORM (iii)
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20.
PREVIOUS FRAMEWORK
• No strong specific policy support for
Clean Energy generation
• An exception was the limited Net
Metering approach, whereby retail
consumers could export excess
power to the national grid but can
only be paid with a billing credit.
REFORM
• SENER shall establish Clean Energy and Emissions Certificates that can be obtained in Mexico and
potentially traded in international
markets.
4.5 MEXICO ENERGY SECTOR REFORM (iv)
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21.
5. SMART METERS IN LOW INCOME HOUSES
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22.
kW Installed Installed capacity per year (kW)
Accumulated capacity (kW)
5.1 MEXICO – PV BACKGROUND
Primary Energy Production (MW)
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23.
Taking into account the potential benefits of the smart grids, and in particular, of Smart Meters, the MIF has requested a study to map the feasibility conditions for the installation of Smart Meters together with photovoltaic distributed generation in low-income housing developments in Mexico.
5.2 MAPPING THE FEASIBILITY
Team:
• Miguel Ángel Hernández
• Moisés Lino
• Sonsoles Martínez
• Claudio Gori
• Gianni Casa
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24.
o Review of the energy distribution regulatory framework
o Review of the technical specifications of the power grid and its compatibility with existing types of smart meters
o Assessment of potential benefits for users
o Identification and analysis of different financial and organizational models that can be used for the installation and maintenance of smart meters and photovoltaic systems
o Analysis of the potential barriers for the integration of such technology
5.3 METHODOLOGY
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25.
Mini Grid
DAC Users
MSMEs
5.4 Scenario Analysis
Mini Red
Low Income house-holds
MSMEs Mini Grid
Non-viable scenarios
Low Income houses • Highly subsidized tariffs, non-profitable for the client • Unavailable financing
High consumption residential (DAC) Users
• Not the MIF’s target population • Not an innovative approach
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26.
5.5 MODEL 1: SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
• 3.9 millions of Micro, Small, and
Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Mexico
• They generate more than 50% of GDP and 72% of employment
• 17% of the national energy consumption (92GWh)
• The model uses the “Bank of
Energy” concept (net-metering policy) currently operating in Mexico
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27.
5.6 MODEL 1: SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Main assumptions:
•Time frame: 15 years
•Consumption profile based on historical information of commercial customers
•Tariff T2 (CFE, 2013) Installed capacity PV: 2.7 kW
•PV panel cost: USD 2,150/kW
•Smart Meter Cost: USD 520
•MSME request a credit to cover 70% of the investment costs
•Loan Annual Interest of 12%
•Loan payment period of 5 years
Financial Indicator
Total Profit 15 Years (NPV)
USD 2,467
IRR 8.72%
Results of Model 1
Net investment equals to USD 38 per month during the first 5 years
From year 6 the client sees a net profit of USD 75 per month
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28.
Strengths:
• (A) Simplicity
• (B) Regulatory support
Weaknesses:
• (D) Recipients are a bit different from Project's original Target
• (E) Limits for Expansion
• (F) Low Return on Investment
Opportunities:
• (G) Quick Start
Threats:
• (H) The lack of FIT
• (I) Difficulties to access credits
• (J) Tariff change
Model 1: MSMEs
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29.
5.7 MODEL 2: MINI GRID
Utility Meter
MSMEs
LI House1
MSMEs
M1 M2
NB1 NB2
NBU
Mc1
CFE Local Trader
LI House2
Energy Flow
Residential clients generate solar energy to cover their consumption and sell the exceeding energy to commercial clients within the Mini-Grid
Commercial clients buy the energy generated by the residential clients and the remaining from the CFE (through the Local Operator)
The aggregated annual consumption of the grid must always be positive
The Model considers the Mini-Grid as a single entity for the “Bank of Energy” concept (Net-metering policy)
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30.
5.8 MODEL 2: MINI GRID
Utility Meter
MSMEs
LI House1
MSMEs
M1 M2
NB1 NB2
NBU
Mc1
CFE Local Trader
LI House2
Economic Flow
Residential clients cover their consumption with self-generated energy Commercial clients pay their consumption at their current tariff. The energy from the PV panels is paid to the residential clients; the remaining to CFE (through the Local Operator)
Profit sharing: Part of the income from energy trade are passed over to CFE (10%) and to the Local Operator (15%) for the operating costs.
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31.
5.9 MODEL 2: MINI GRID
Main assumptions :
•Time Frame: 15 years
•Consumption profile based on historical information of residential customers
•Tariff 1D –Baja California- (CFE, 2013) for residential and T2/T3 for commercial customers
•Installed capacity: 10 kW.
•Required surface ~60m2
•PV Panel Cost: USD 2,150/kW
•Smart Meter Cost: USD 520
•Subsidy of 45% of the PV investment (equivalent to 10 years of the current subsidy in tariffs)
• Residential clients request a credit that covers 90% of the investment costs
•Credit annual interest of 12%
•Loan payment period of 15 years-Mortgage
Financial Indicator
Total Profit 15 Years (NPV)
USD 1,215
IRR 18.07%
Results of Model 2
Net savings between 100% and 50% of the subsidized energy during the first 15 years
Net profit of USD 112 per month from year 16
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32.
Strengths:
• (A) Enables an Economic Balance
• (B) Independency from potential regulatory subsidies
• (C) Facilitates local knowledge development
• (D) Beneficiaries are in line with the target group.
Weaknesses:
• (E) Complexity of the Solution
• (F) Major initial investment is required
• (G) MSMEs may not be interested
Opportunities:
• (H) Alternative to provide Low Income Households with access to Renewable Energy.
Threats:
• (I) Challenges to access financing
• (J) Potential regulatory opposition
• (K) Tariff change
Model 2: Mini Grid
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33.
5.10 FEEDBACKS AND NEXT STEPS
• Mexican Stakeholders positively received the models and are eager to continue exploring their capabilities by means of additional activities. In this regard:
• SENER invited the Project Team to present the proposal within the Smart Grid Round Table created in in Mexico by CFE, CRE and SENER.
• CRE invited the team to join –as a separate task- a pilot initiative in Jalisco for renewable energy distributed generation.
• CONAVI expressed their interest share knowledge and infrastructure.
• Next Steps must be in the development of a Pilot Project.
• Benefits for Sponsors:
• Positioning in the nascent port-reform Energy Market
• Collaboration with CFE and other stakeholders
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35.
NEXT STEPS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORM
• Define whether Specialized Inspection Units will be required for small
generation
• CRE to release regulations on private she sale of electricity.
• Extension of the concept of Bank of Energy.
• Regulations for the operation of small electrical systems.
• Implementation of frameworks for green credits and other financing
schemes for these type of projects and mentioned in Article 69 of the LIE
are defined.
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36.
• Develop and update the photovoltaic systems installation norms, to make
them mandatory and not voluntary, regarding:
• Safety in construction, wind overturning, etc.
• Panel certification by the authorized laboratories in order to have
technical guarantees.
• Update of the CFE G0100-04 specification “ Interconnection to the LV
electrical network of photovoltaic systems with an installed capacity up
to 30 kW”. Consider inverters without transformer, which would allow
to decrease the return of investment periods since they are more
efficient and economical.
NEXT STEPS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORM
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37.
MODEL 1: MSMES
Telecommunications 1 • ‘Point to Point’: Local areas with a low client density (3 MSMEs in 4000 m2)
Meter with a 3G or
GPRS module.
Every meter transmits
the data directly to MDMS
(CFE)
CFE needs a software
capable of reading the
data from the meters.
GPRS/3G Meter
L.V
WAN
MDMS (CFE)
M.V
Generartion
GPRS/3G Meter
T1
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38.
MODEL 1: MSMES
Telecomunications 2 • Scheme AMR: Areas with high client density
Meter with RF module, it
communicates with C1 C1
C1: Local data Concentrator,
it communicates with CA
through Radio 169
CA: Area data Concentrator
that communicates with the
management system (MDMS)
through GSM, GPRS or WEB
CFE requires a software
capable of reading the data
from the meters
RF
L.V
WAN
MDMS (CFE)
M.V
Generation
RF
C1
CA/Gateway
T1
Radio 169 Comm.
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39.
MODEL 2: MINI GRID
Telecomunications 1
• Scheme AMR: CFE Operator of the Mini Grid
Meter with RF module, it
communicates with C1 (bi-
directional)
C1: Local data Concentrator,
it communicates with CA
through Radio 169
CA: Area data Concentrator
that communicates with the
management system (MDMS)
through GSM, GPRS or WEB
CFE requires a software
capable of reading the data
from the meters
RF
Frecuencia
L.V
WAN
Sistema de
gestión de datos
CFE
M.V
Generación
C1
CA/Gateway
T1
Radio 169 Comm.
Mini Red
Medidor
Mini-Red
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40.
MODELO 2: MINI GRID
Telecomunicactions 2
• Scheme AMR: Local Operator of the Mini Grid
Meter with RF module and
bi-directional measurement
‘Walk-by’ reciever with RF
module that measures directly
from the meters
The Local Operator does not
require a remote data
acquisition software
L.V
M.V
Generation
T1
Mini Grid
Mini-Grid
Meter
RF 169 MHz
‘Walk By’
Measurement
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41.
BACK UP- PV
PV System Efficiency % 16%
Combined PV system Losses % 30.7%
Global PV System Efficiency % 11.1%
Peak Power per m2 kw/m2 0.15
Capital Cost (PV) $ (MXN)/kW 28,800
PV Panel characteristics:
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42.
BACK UP- Energy Generation
Model 1 MSMEs Average ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC
T2
Pv Power kW 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.71
Solar Energy received by PV kWh/day 104 80 100 109 119 118 119 114 112 107 105 89 76
Energy generated per day kWh/day 11.52 8.83 11.04 12.04 13.24 13.04 13.24 12.64 12.44 11.84 11.64 9.83 8.43
Load Factor % 17.68% 13.55% 16.94% 18.48% 20.33% 20.02% 20.33% 19.40% 19.10% 18.17% 17.86% 15.09% 12.94%
Days per month Days - 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31
Energy generated kWh/month - 273.71 309.03 373.24 397.32 404.35 397.32 391.90 385.68 355.18 360.80 294.98 261.27
Model 1: MSMEs
Generated energy by the MSME
Model 2: Mini Grid
Generated energy by the Low Consumption Residential Client
Model 2 MicroGrid Average ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC
T1D
Pv Power kW 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Solar Energy received by PV kWh/day 383 293 367 400 440 433 440 420 413 393 387 327 280
Energy generated per day kWh/day 42.44 32.52 40.66 44.35 48.79 48.05 48.79 46.57 45.83 43.61 42.87 36.22 31.05
Load Factor % 17.68% 13.55% 16.94% 18.48% 20.33% 20.02% 20.33% 19.40% 19.10% 18.17% 17.86% 15.09% 12.94%
Days per month Days - 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31
Energy generated kWh/month - 1008.269 1138.368 1374.912 1463.616 1489.488 1463.616 1443.658 1420.742 1308.384 1329.082 1086.624 962.4384
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43.
Model 1: MSMEs
Initial investment
Pv Capital Costs $78,182
Capital costs reduction 0%
Smart meter $7,000
Subsidy $0
Financial Conditions
% Gearing Ratio 70%
Interest rate 12%
Payment Years 5
Annual Payment $16,541.30
Discount rate 2.29%
Costs
Credit Payments $16,541
O&M 0.5%-0.7%
PV conditions
Panel efficiency 100%-84%
Assumptions Year 0 5 10 15
Costs
Investment Cash $25,555 - - -
Credit Payment $16,541.30 - -
O&M $391 $469 $547
Total $25,555 $16,932 $469 $547
Benefits
Energy Savings ($) 0 $11,609.51 $10,991.99 $10,374.46
Results
Profit/ Cash Flow -$25,555 -$5,322 $10,524 $9,828
Accumulated Profit -$50,681 $3,408 $53,862
Total 15 Years (NPV) $33,050
BACK UP- Cost Benefit Analysis
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44.
BACK UP- Cost Benefit Analysis
Model 2: Mini Grid
Initial investment
Pv Capital Costs $78,182
Capital costs reduction 0%
Smart meter -
Subsidy $129,600 45%
Financial Conditions
% Gearing Ratio 90%
Interest rate 12%
Payment Years 15
Annual Payment $20,931
Discount rate 2.29%
Costs
Credit Payments $20,931
O&M 0.5%-0.7%
PV conditions
Panel efficiency 100%-84%
Assumptions Year 0 5 10 15
Costs
Investment Cash $15,840.0 - - -
Credit Payment $20,931.26 $20,931.26 $20,931.26
O&M - - -
Total $15,840 $20,931 $20,931 $20,931
Benefits
Energy Savings ($) 0 $4,284.62 $4,284.62 $4,284.62
Energy Sales Benefits $19,735 $18,685 $17,635
Results
Profit -$15,840 $3,088 $2,038 $989
Accumulated Profit $2,119 $14,410 $21,453
Total 15 Years (NPV) $16,225
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