Slides for the #JavaOne Session ID: CON11881

Markus Eisele & Masoud Kalali

Java EE 6 Security in practice with

GlassFish

Agenda

• Introduction• The Top 10 Most Critical Web Application

Security Risks• Take Away

Markus Eiselehttp://blog.eisele.net

http://twitter.com/[email protected]

Java EE 7 EG, architect, husband, father of two,

photographer, speaker, writer

Masoud Kalalihttp://kalali.mehttp://twitter.com/[email protected]

software engineer,author, blogger,climber and flute enthusiast

Java EE 6 & GlassFish

glassfish.org

Galleria Project

https://bitbucket.org/VineetReynolds/java-ee-6-galleria/

Galleria Project

http://blog.eisele.net/2012/03/java-ee-6-galleria-example-part-1.html

?

Galleria and Security

• Form based authentication• JDBCRealm• request.login(userId, new String(password));• @RolesAllowed({ "RegisteredUsers" })

Enough? State-of-the-Art? Feeling-good-with-it™?

Motivation for this talk

• Seen a lot• Providing a starting point• Sharing something• Making you aware

• Plus: Finding out about “the security state of Galleria”

The Top 10 Most Critical Web Application Security Risks

A1: Injection A2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

A3: Broken Authentication

and Session Management

A4: Insecure Direct Object References

A5: Cross Site Request Forgery

(CSRF)

A6: Security Misconfiguration

A7: Failure to Restrict URL Access

A8: Insecure Cryptographic

Storage

A9: Insufficient Transport Layer

Protection

A10: Unvalidated Redirects and

Forwards

Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)Source: http://owasptop10.googlecode.comAka OWASP Top-10*

What is OWASP?

• Open Web Application Security Project• Improving the security of (web) application software

– Not-for-profit organization since 2001– Raise interest in secure development

• Documents– Top 10– Cheat Sheets– Development Guides

• Solutions– Enterprise Security API (ESAPI)– WebScarab– WebGoat

A1 - Injection

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)

A3: Broken Authenticati

on and Session

Management

A4: Insecure Direct Object

References A5: Cross

Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

A6: Security Misconfigur

ation


A8: Insecure Cryptograph

ic StorageA9:

Insufficient Transport

Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWhat is it?

• Sending unintended data to applications• Manipulating and reading Data stores (e.g.

DB, LDAP)

• Java EE 6 affected:– UI technology of choice (e.g. JSF, JSP)– Database access (JPA, JDBC)

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsHow to spot it

String id = "x'; DROP TABLE members; --"; // user-input

Query query = em.createNativeQuery("SELECT * FROM PHOTO WHERE ID =" + id, Photo.class);

Query query2 = em.createNativeQuery("SELECT * FROM MAG WHERE ID ?1", Magazine.class);query2.setParameter(1, id);

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsPrevent Injection

• Sanitize the input• Escape/Quotesafe the input• Use bound parameters (the PREPARE statement)• Limit database permissions and segregate users• Use stored procedures for database access

(might work)• Isolate the webserver• Configure error reporting

A2 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWhat is it?

• Inject malicious code into user interfaces• Get access to browser information– E.g. javascript:alert(document.cookie)

• Steal user’s session, steal sensitive data• Rewrite web page or parts• Redirect user to phishing or malware site

• Java EE 6 affected:– UI technology of choice (e.g. JSF, JSP)

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and


<h:outputText value="#{user.content}" escape="false"/>

• Problems with sanitizing

• Weird Input<a href="data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgvWFNTLyk8L3NjcmlwdD4=">Test</a>

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsPrevent

• Sanitize the input• Escape/Quotesafe the input• Use Cookie flags:– httpOnly (prevents XSS access)

https://code.google.com/p/owasp-esapi-java/

https://code.google.com/p/owasp-esapi-java/

A3 - Broken Authentication and Session Management

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWhat is it?

• Container Security vs. own solution• Session Binding / Session Renewal• Passwords

– Strength (length/complexity)– Plain text passwords (http/https)– Recovery mechanisms

• Number of factors used for authentication

• Java EE 6 affected:– JAAS / JASPIC– Filter / PhaseListener– Container and Web-App configuration

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and


• Authentication over http• Custom security filter • Not using Container Functionality• No password strength requirements• No HttpSession binding• Way of saving Passwords • Not testing security

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsBest Practices

• Go with provided Standard Realms and LoginModules whenever possible

• If you need custom ones: Test them extremely carefully!

• Use transport layer encryption (TLS/SSL)• Use Cookie flags:– secure (avoid clear text transmission)

A4 – Insecure Direct Object References

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWhat is it?

• Accessing domain objects with their PKhttps://you.com/user/1 => https://you.com/user/21

• Opening opportunities for intruders• Information hiding on the client• Parameter value tampering

• Java EE 6 affected:– All layers– Especially data access

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and


• Data separation for users (tenants)• Request mode access for data (RUD)• Query constraints

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and


• Use AccessReferenceMaps

• Validate object references• Use data-driven security• Always Perform additional data authorization

on the view

http://app?file=1

http://app?id=7d3J93http://app?id=9182374

http://app?file=Report123.xls

http://app/?file=1

http://app/?file=1

http://app/?id=7d3J93

A5 - Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWhat is it?

• Basically a capture-replay attack• Malicious code executes functions on your

behalf while being authenticated• Deep links make this easier

• JavaEE 6 affected:– UI technology of choice (e.g. JSF, JSP)

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and


• A “secret Cookie”• Only POST requests• Wizard like transactions• Simple URL rewriting

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and


• Add Unpredictability (tokens)– Hidden Field, Single-Use URLs– Request or Session Scope

• CSRFPreventionForm (JSF 1.2 & 2)http://blog.eisele.net/2011/02/preventing-csrf-with-jsf-20.html

• Use OWASP ESAPIhttp://www.jtmelton.com/2010/05/16/the-owasp-top-ten-and-esapi-part-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf/

http://blog.eisele.net/2011/02/preventing-csrf-with-jsf-20.html

http://www.jtmelton.com/2010/05/16/the-owasp-top-ten-and-esapi-part-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf/

http://www.jtmelton.com/2010/05/16/the-owasp-top-ten-and-esapi-part-6-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf/

A6 - Security Misconfiguration

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWhat is it?

• Applies to – Operating System– Application Server– Databases– Additional Services

• Includes (beside _many_ others)– All security relevant configuration– Missing Patches– Default accounts

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsWorst Practices

• Not restricting GlassFish user nor enabling security manager

• Network interfaces/sockets access control• Relaxed File system access control• Using any defaults like:– Passwords: Admin, master password– Network interface binding: Listening on 0.0.0.0– Certificates: Self signed certificate

• Using a not hardened OS!

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

ForwardsPolicy Files location

• Global Policy File: java.home/jre/lib/security/java.policy

• User Policy File: user.home/.java.policy• Domain Policy File:

domain.home/config/server.policy • Application Policy File:

domain.home/generated/policy/<app.name>/<module.name>/granted.policy

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site

Scripting (XSS)


on and Session

Management





ation



ic StorageA9:


Layer Protection

A10: Unvalidated

Redirects and

Forwards

Running GlassFish in a Secure Environment

• Use the latest version (3.1.2.2)• Enable secure admin (TLS/https)• Use password aliasing• Enable security manager and put forth a

proper security policy file• Set correct file system permissions

http://blog.eisele.net/2011/05/securing-your-glassfish-hardening-guide.htmlhttp://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18930_01/html/821-2435/gkscr.html

http://blog.eisele.net/2011/05/securing-your-glassfish-hardening-guide.html

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18930_01/html/821-2435/gkscr.html

A1: Injection

A2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

A3: Broken Authentication and

Session Management


A5: Cross Site Request

Forgery (CSRF)

A6: Security Misconfigurati

on

A7: Failure to Restrict URL

Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Review the *.policy files

• Policy files precedence order• Remove unused grants• Add extra permissions only to applications or

modules that require them, not to all applications deployed to a domain.• Document your changes!

A7 - Failure to Restrict URL Access

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

What is it?

• Presentation layer access control• Related to A4 – Insecure Direct Object

References

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Worst Practice

• Using home-grown security features instead of container provided ones

• Assuming people wont know some URLs to try them

• Assuming no one would misuse the extra permission and access they have

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Java EE 6

• What you do to prevent, A4 plus:– Use Container security (security-constraint)– Use programmatic login of Java EE 6 if needed.– Properly configure security realms– Accurately map roles to principal/groups (auth-

constraint / security-role-mapping)– Only allow supported/required HTTP methods– Accurately Categorize the URL patterns and permit

the relevant roles for each

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Best Practices

• Any none public URL should be protected• Use container authentication/authorization

features or extend on top of them• If not enough use proven frameworks/

products to protect the resources• If user can get /getpic?id=1x118uf it does not

mean you should show /getpic?id=1x22ug

A8 - Insecure Cryptographic Storage

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

What is it?

• Sensitive data kept unprotected• Sensitive data exposed to wrong persons• Could be:– Passwords– Financial/Health care data– Credit cards

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Worst Practices

• Storing sensitive data unencrypted• Storing comparative data unhashed

(passwords/security question answer…)• Keeping clear text copies of encrypted data• Not keeping the keys/passwords well guarded

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

GlassFish

• Protect the keystore• Protect GlassFish accounts– Use aliasing to protect the password and keep the

master password safe to protect the aliases• Ignoring digest authentication/hashed

password storage

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Prevention

• Identify sensitive data• Wisely encrypt sensitive data

– On every level (application, appserver, db)– with the right algorithm and – with the right mechanism

• Don’t keep clear text copies• To decrypt and view clear text should be restricted to

authorized personnel• Keep the keys as protected as possible (HSM)• Keep offsite encrypted backups in addition to on-site

copies

A9- Insufficient Transport Layer Protection

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

What is it?

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Worst Practice

• Using basic/form authentication without SSL• Not using HTTPS for pages with private

information• Using default self signed certificate• Storing unencrypted cookies• Not setting cookies to be securely transmitted

Cookie.setSecure(true)• Forgetting about the rest of the

infrastructure

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

GlassFish

• Properly configure HTTPS listener/s (set the right keystore)

• Install the right server certificates to be used by SSL listeners

• Properly configure the ORB over SSL listeners if needed (set the right keystore)

• Enable auditing under Security and access log under HTTP Service

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Java EE

• Group the resources in regard to transport sensitivity using web-resource-collection

• Use user-data-constraint as widely as you need for data integrity and encryption needs

• Ensure that login/logout pages (in case of form auth-type) are protected by <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Best Practice

• Use TLS on all connections with sensitive data• Individually encrypt messages • Sign messages before transmission• Use standard strong algorithms • Use proven mechanisms when sufficient

A10 - Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

What is it?

• Redirecting to another URL computed by user provided parameters

• Forward to another URL computed by user provided parameters

http://www.java.net/external?url=http://www.adam-bien.com/roller/abien/entry/conveniently_transactionally_and_legally_starting

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Worst Practices

• Not using a proper access control mechanism (e.g container managed and proper security-constraint )

• Redirecting to a user provided parameter, e.g to an external website

• Not to validate/verify the target with user’s access level before doing the forward

A1: Injection



Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Java EE 6

• Don’t use redirect or forward as much as possible• Accurately verify/validate the target URL before

forwarding or redirecting• Redirects are safe when using container managed

authentication/authorization properly• Forwards happen without authentication and

thus requires triple check to prevent unauthorized access.

WRAP-UP

Galleria Wrap UpA1:

InjectionA2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)


Session Management



Forgery (CSRF)


on


Access


Storage


Protection


Forwards

Security isn‘t all candy..

… but you will love it in the end!

CC picture reference• http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2439494447/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/62983199@N04/7188112487/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/3466470709/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/lukemontague/187987292/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/082007/7108942911/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/ndrwfgg/140411433/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/gingerblokey/4130969725/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/bpc009/3328427457/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/marine_corps/6950409157/sizes/l/in/photostream/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/cindy47452/2898015652/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2439494447/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2439494447/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/62983199@N04/7188112487/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/62983199@N04/7188112487/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/3466470709/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/3466470709/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/lukemontague/187987292/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/lukemontague/187987292/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/082007/7108942911/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/082007/7108942911/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ndrwfgg/140411433/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ndrwfgg/140411433/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gingerblokey/4130969725/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/bpc009/3328427457/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/bpc009/3328427457/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/marine_corps/6950409157/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/marine_corps/6950409157/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cindy47452/2898015652/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Technology

Slides for the #JavaOne Session ID: CON11881