Sirris Materials Day 2010 - Smart coatings and printed smart materials - Agfa

Smart materialsSmart coatings and printed smart materials

Opportunities and challenges for innovation ?

R. De Keyzer Agfa Materials Technology Center

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2 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010

Agenda Smart material: the markets Smart materials: a definition Some examples Smart materials in actuator and sensors applications X-chromic materials and applications Smart coatings inspired by nature Opportunity : smart materials and printing ? Challenges

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Economical Outlook 2010 Smart material and applications

Smart Materials $12 Billion dollar market (AGR 8.6 %) 50% - Piezo Electro-ceramics 30% - Biomimetics materials 15% - Thermal responsive 5% - Others Active Fluids…

Application market $52 Billion dollar (AGR 13.5 %)

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Chromogenics applications and markets Materials Today, Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2004, Pages

28-35 – ‘smart’ or ‘smart engineered’ Chromogenic materials are colour or visibility switchable materials Markets:

Automotive: dynamic antiglare mirrors: $ 300 million per year. Producers: Gentex, Magna Donnelly, Nikon, and

Murakami-Kaimedo.

Architectural: switchable sunroof glazing (Saint-Gobain)

Aircraft:. Electrochromic windows for pilots and passengers

Information displays: e-paper, flexible displays, OLED…

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13697021�

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13697021�

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Smart packaging market Global Smart packaging market (Nanomarkets.com)

$ 4,8 billion by 2011

$ 14,1 billion by 2013

Printable electronics enables smart packaging RFIDs..tracingSensing packagingOLED displays and light

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Some considerations on productdevelopmentClive Bosnyak (Creative Polymer)

Smart materials in Plastics (Antec 2007):

“In principle, all markets currently enjoyed by commercial polymers could be expanded by new and improved applications if one can obtain the increased performance functionality possible with smart materials incorporation at the right price.

These new opportunities are most likely to arise from redesigning applications with an integrated smart materials systems approach, rather than retrofitting smart materials into existing applications.”

As for smart polymeric material systems in the near future

a focus on high value applications such as with human health – physical therapy,

sports, drug delivery, and water and air purity – will continue to expand first followed by energy conservation applications such as photovoltaics,

smart insulation and portable power.”

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Smart materials defined for now

“A smart material can be described as a material that has a useful response to external influences or stimuli.”

Normal materials have limited or no responses to external stimuli Smart materials have appropriate responses to external

stimuli ... response is the same every time

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Smart materials have appropriate responsesSome examples

Photochromic glass• darkens in bright light

Low melting point wax in a fire sprinkler • blocks the nozzle until it gets hot

Embedded optical fibres• broken ends reflect light back

Piezo-electric materials and structures• shape changes when voltage applied

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Smart Materials : some examples

•Shape memory polymers and alloysHeat shrink tubing and packaging

Automatic actuators – open/close greenhouse windows

Thermostats for heating control

•Smart Wire

Actuators, linear, angular and rotary

Anthromorphic actuation – human like robotic motion

•Smart Link Silicone

Allows rotary motion between shafts up to 3600•Smart Fluids

Motion control gel – CD tray opening/closing, camera lenses

Ferro fluids – earthquake dampers in buildings, hard disks•Piezoelectric Materials

Sensors, musical cards, motors, actuators, clocks•Chameleon Colours

Car paints, printing inks, packaging

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Smart materials as actuators and sensors

Piezoelectric crystals shape changes when voltage applied

Shape memory materials shape changes at a specific temperature alloys = SMA .... polymers = SMP

Magneto-rheological (MR) fluids viscosity changes with magnetic field

Electro-rheological (ER) fluids viscosity changes with electric field

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Advantages

No moving parts High reliability Low power requirements Provide new capabilities that are presently not possible

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Piezoelectric Materials

Expand and contract with the application of voltage Piezoceramics are the most widely used smart material Applications Ink Jet Printers Sonar Medical Diagnostics High frequency stereo-speakers Computer Keyboards Microphones

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An Agfa Graphics example:MPress, the fastest high volume digital inkjet printer based on an array of 64x762 piezo activated inkjet nozzles

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Example of system integration approach

INK – printhead interactionsExample: ink / waveform for piezo printhead

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Agfa’s Solutions in Wide Format and Single Pass

1000

500

400

100

50

10

Single Pass

Wide Format

II. The products

Productivitysqm/hour

Flexible packaging and niche markets

Billboard & Posters

Poster & Photos

1

2 :Dotrix

:M-Press

:Anapurna family

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Shape Memory Alloys

Are metals that can be deformed and then returned to their original shape by heating

Applications Aeronautical applications Surgical tools Muscle wires

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Magnetostrictive Materials

Expand and contract with the application of magnetic fields.

Applications High-power sonar transducers Motors Hydraulic actuators

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Active Fluids

Respond to an electric (electrorheological) or a magnetic (magnetorheological) field with a change in viscosity

Applications Tunable dampers Vibration-isolation systems Clutches Brakes Resistance Controls

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Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Respond to strain and temperature by a shift in their optical wavelength

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Smart materials : other examples

X-chromic materials /optically changing materials Thermo-Photo-Mechano-Chemo-Electro-

Some inspiration from nature…Selfcleaning coatings

Smart fabrics

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Thermochromic effect

•Thermocolour Sheet

This is a self adhesive sheet whose colour changes according to the temperature. Used for thermometers, heat warning patches and novelty advertising of products

Inactivated Sheet

Finger placed on sheet

Sheet changes colour according to temp

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Phosphorescent effect

Other more modern examples of smart materials include :

•Phosphorescent Sheet

This is a sheet that absorbs light energy and re-emits it as white light for up to eight hours. Used extensively for emergency lighting in the event of a power cut

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An Agfa Graphics example:Photochromic inkjet inks

Development by Agfa/IIS: Photochromic inks

+UV +UV

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An Agfa Materials example:Lighting: OLED & EL-lighting OLED: thin film device on glass / foil

Electroluminescent lighting

New technology with potential of:

• Flexible, thin film technology• High brightness (5000-7000 Cd/m2)• High efficiency (70-100 lm/W)• Long lifetime• Flexible colors• Low cost

Existing (older) technology:

• Flexible ‘thin’ film technology• Low brightness (100-300 Cd/m2)• High efficiency• Limited lifetime• Flexible colors but ‘pink’ white• Moderate cost

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Biomimetics: innovations from understanding nature

The concept of taking ideas from nature to implement in another technology

Lotus effect self-cleaning surfaces Drag reduction by shark skin Smart-fabric

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Biomimetics: Lotus effect most efficient self-cleaning plant

= great sacred lotus(Nelumbo nucifera)

mimicked in paints andother surface coatings

pipe cleaning in oil refineries (Norway) Images from

http://library.thinkquest.org/27468/e/lotus.htm http://www.villalachouette.de/william/lotusv2.gif http://www.nees.uni-

bonn.de/lotus/en/vergleich.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/27468/e/lotus.htm�

http://www.villalachouette.de/william/lotusv2.gif�

http://www.nees.uni-bonn.de/lotus/en/vergleich.html�

http://www.nees.uni-bonn.de/lotus/en/vergleich.html�

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Biomimetics

Lotus effect self-cleaning surfaces

surface of leaf water droplet on leaf

Image from http://library.thinkquest.org/27468/e/lotus.htm

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Biomimetics

Drag reduction by shark skin imitation Special alignment and grooved structure

of tooth-like scales embedded in shark skindecrease drag and thusgreatly increase swimming proficiency Airbus fuel consumption down 1½%

when “shark skin” coating applied to aircraft

o Image from http://www.pelagic.org/biology/scales.html

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Smart-fabric

Pine-cone model Adapts to changing

temperaturesby opening when warm or shutting tight if cold

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Challenges From discovery to innovation…from material to system From smart material to market innovation (extra functionality vs

customer value) Self healing coatings (holy grale) Self cleaning windows Smart windows Antimicrobial coatings and fabrics Smart sensing packaging

Process Integration and integrated smart productdesign Textiles, and fabrics Structures

Multi technologies on multiscale Advanced materials Nano- and micro structured systems Nano designed materials important technology enabler for smart

products Printing as a low cost high volume deposition structuring technique

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Advanced product development

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Remarks Atlas Copco Sofie Deprez

"Smart materials is a very interesting concept. Are, at this moment, already applications which are also low cost - high number - easy producable- long life? (Not all this parameters must be present at the same time). Reputation of high cost is correct? What are the expectations for the future?

Flanders' FOOD Steven Van Campenhout "Use of smart materials for application in food industry: technological

applications/opportunities (printable RFID, anti-microbial materials, applicability in food handling systems, other?) . Also keeping in mind food contact, cleanability, hygiene guidelines “

OCAS Arcelor Mittal Vincent Stone Most self stratifying coatings systems described in the literature are solvent

or water based. The heterophase polymer structure is obtained through phase separation of polymers dissolved in a common co solvent. We are facing the challenge to extend this self stratifying concept to systems (e.g. 100%, UV curable systems) that could further improve the economics and environmental performance of the coating process.

VITO Dirk Vangeneugden I would like to evaluate to what extend the expertise within VITO's Materials

Unit could contribute to the realization of some applications in the field of Smart Materials.

Mikrocentrum Jan van Moorsel To find an easy way for solutions in nanomaterials and coatings for SMEs.

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Bronnen [1] Gosselink, L., Vries, J.C.A. de, Beurden, K.M.M. van (2008).Smart

Materials, “book of ideas”. Enschede: Saxion KenniscentrumDesign & Technologie. Dit boekje is te downloaden viahttp://saxion.nl/designentechnologie/downloads

[2] Kort, H., Cordia, A., Witte, L. de (2008). Langdurende zorg entechnologie. Den Haag: Uitgeverij LEMMA.

[3] Buchaca, J. (2005). Smart Materials: A Technology and MarketAssessment. Verkregen op 18 juni 2009 viahttp://www.bccresearch.com/report/AVM023C.html

[4] Hooper, A. Smart Materials. Verkregen op 22 juni 2009 via http://smartextiles.co.uk/overview/smart-materials/

[5] Oricalco - thermal shape memory fabric. Verkregen via http://www.gzespace.com/new/eng/Sto_Oricalco.html

[6] A Braille e-Book Reader Concept. Verkregen via http://www.gottabemobile.com/2009/04/22/a-braille-e-bookreader-concept

[7] Impactx Photochromic lenses. Verkregen via http://www.rudyprojectusa.com/technology/impactx.htm

[8] Impactx Polarized Photochromatic. Verkregen via

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Biomimetics

Velcro small hooks enable seed-bearing burr

to cling to tiny loops in fabric

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Gecko tape

image fromhttp://www.netcomposites.com/news.asp?3922

Inspiration from the remarkable hairs that allow geckos to hang single-toed from sheer walls and walk along ceilings researchers at the University of California - Berkeley,

created an array of synthetic micro-fibres that uses very high frictionto support loads on smooth surfaces.

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Classification of Materials (Smart Materials)Other more modern examples of smart materials include :

•Magnetic Sheet

This is a flat polymer magnetic sheet as used in fridge magnets. Also available in thin A4 sheets that can be printed on

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Smart materials and display markets (billion USD)