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Single Page Apps with Drupal 7 Chris Tankersley ZendCon 2015
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Who Am I
• PHP Programmer for over 10 years • Drupal developer for 5 years • h>ps://github.com/dragonmantank
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What is a Single Page Application?
• An applicaFon that loads itself in in a single page
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What is a Single Page Application?
• Loads all the necessary HTML, CSS, and JS needed in a single page load • Loads all the necessary HTML, CSS, and JS needed to bootstrap an applicaFon in a single page load
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Traditional Application Workflow
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Browser Server
User requests a page
Server returns a response
1) Server gets the request 2) Server calls PHP 3) PHP builds the HTML
Browser Server
User requests a page
Server returns a response
1) Server gets the request 2) Server calls PHP 3) PHP builds the HTML
This is heavy
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No, it’s really heavy
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Single Page Application workflow
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Browser Server User requests a page
Server returns a response 1) Server gets the request 2) Server returns base HTML
Browser requests data
Server returns a response
1) Server gets the request 2) Server calls PHP 3) PHP returns JSON
Browser requests data
Server returns a response
1) Server gets the request 2) Server calls PHP 3) PHP returns JSON
…
SPAs are great!
• Reduce server load • More responsive • Separates the server and the front end • Make the front end people do all the work
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SPA ALL THE THINGS!
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It’s not all great
• Users have to have JS enabled • SEO SUUUUUUUUUUUUUUCKS • This will probably break navigaFon • This will probably break your analyFcs • Your host might not support it
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Drupal 7 doesn’t support SPAs
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… or does it?
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It doesn’t out of the box
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Why do you want a Single Page Application?
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Create an SPA if…
• You want a more desktop-‐like experience • A lot of data is coming and going • You want/have a good API backend • The interface lends itself to being an SPA
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GMail makes sense
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h>p://3.bp.blogspot.com/-‐y96KrBvSbuQ/Tgu5oLmVZyI/AAAAAAAAAKE/EFkwE1ZIic8/s1600/threadlist-‐large.png
My blog doesn’t
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Don’t create an SPA if…
• You just want to reduce page refreshes • You think it sounds cool
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tl;dr: Only create an SPA if it makes sense
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Parts of a Single Page Application
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The knee bone is connected to…
• Controllers • Chunks and Templates • RouFng • Data • Data Transport
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Controllers
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h>ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_controller#/media/File:SNES-‐Controller.jpg
The logic of our application
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function node_page_default() { $select = db_select('node', 'n') ->fields('n', array('nid', 'sticky', 'created')) ->condition('n.promote', 1) ->condition('n.status', 1) ->orderBy('n.sticky', 'DESC') ->orderBy('n.created', 'DESC') ->extend('PagerDefault') ->limit(variable_get('default_nodes_main', 10)) ->addTag('node_access'); $nids = $select->execute()->fetchCol(); if (!empty($nids)) { $nodes = node_load_multiple($nids); $build = node_view_multiple($nodes);
Chunks and Templates
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<?php print render($page['header']); ?> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="container" class="clearfix"> <div id="header"> <div id="logo-floater"> <?php if ($logo || $site_title): ?> <?php if ($title): ?> <div id="branding"><strong><a href="<?php print $front_page ?>"> <?php if ($logo): ?> <img src="<?php print $logo ?>" alt="<?php print $site_name_and_slogan ?>" title="<?php print $site_name_and_slogan ?>" id="logo" /> <?php endif; ?> <?php print $site_html ?>
Routing
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function hook_menu() { $items['example'] = array( 'title' => 'Example Page', 'page callback' => 'example_page', 'access arguments' => array('access content'), 'type' => MENU_SUGGESTED_ITEM, ); $items['example/feed'] = array( 'title' => 'Example RSS feed', 'page callback' => 'example_feed', 'access arguments' => array('access content'), 'type' => MENU_CALLBACK, ); return $items; }
Data
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function node_schema() { $schema['node'] = array( 'description' => 'The base table for nodes.', 'fields' => array( 'nid' => array( 'description' => 'The primary identifier for a node.', 'type' => 'serial', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE, ), // Defaults to NULL in order to avoid a brief period of potential // deadlocks on the index. 'vid' => array( 'description' => 'The current {node_revision}.vid version identifier.', 'type' => 'int’,
Data Transport
• AJAX • AJAJ • AJAH
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Sample SPA Application
DEMO TIME!
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Picking a JavaScript Framework
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Backbone
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EmberJS
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AngularJS
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Getting Drupal 7 to work with Single Page Applications
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The Services Module
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What does it do?
“A standardized soluFon of integraFng external applicaFons with Drupal. Service callbacks may be used with mulFple interfaces like
REST, XMLRPC, JSON, JSON-‐RPC, SOAP, AMF, etc. This allows a Drupal site to provide web services via mulFple interfaces while using the
same callback code.”
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Services does a lot of heavy lifting for you
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Stop!
Demo Time!
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Getting it into your Drupal site
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Use a .html file
• Really easy to do • Doesn’t impact your exisFng site
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Add it to a template
• Start small
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Just make a small module
• Gives you more control
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Questions?
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Thank You!
h>p://ctankersley.com [email protected]
@dragonmantank
h>p://joind.in/talk/view/15586
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