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1
Qingzheng (George) Cheng1, Jingxin Wang1
Kaushlendra Singh1, John Zondlo2
1Division of Forestry and Natural Resources 2Chemical Engineering
West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV 26506
FPS Conference, Portland, Orogon
June 21, 2011
TGA-FTIR ANALYSIS OF WOODY BIOMASS
AND COAL FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
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• Introduction
• Objectives
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Conclusions
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Outline
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Source: Energy Information Administration (2007)
Introduction
Source: Energy Information Administration (2007)
Introduction
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• Reduced use of nonrenewable fuels,
• Less dependence on imported fuel sources,
• Rural economy development, and
• Reduced GHG emissions
• To use available, abundant, renewable,
resources ranging from plant to animal
biomass, or other renewable resources.
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Introduction
Opportunity
Biomass is plant matter such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops or other
biological materials.
It can be used as a solid fuel, or converted into liquid or gaseous forms, for
the production of electric power, heat, or chemicals.
Biofuel is any gas, liquid, or solid fuel derived either from recently living
organisms or from their metabolic by-products.
Source (Wang et al. 2006)
Introduction
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Introduction
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• 90% of electricity generation in West Virginia came from coal.
Electricity Generation
Introduction
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Coal vs. Wood or Coal + Wood ?
Coal : 8,000-15,000 Btu/Ib, 27% volatile, 45-86% carbon
Wood: 7,000-9,000 Btu/Ib, 70-80% volatile, 20-26% carbon
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(Wu, Wang, Cheng and DeVallance. International J of Energy Research 2011)
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Introduction (CBTL)
• Most economical until
other resources available
to produce liquid fuels at
lower costs;
• One potential way of
reducing the carbon
emission of coal to liquid
fuels;
• Enhance rural community
and economic
development.
Specific objectives
Pyrolysis and gasification in TGA/FTIR system:
Use TGA/FTIR system (thermogravimetric analysis-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to conduct
pyrolysis and gasification for coal and biomasss
mixtures and analyze the resulting gaseous components.
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Objectives
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Yellow poplar
Red oak
Kingwood Coal
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Materials
King-wood
90 80 70 50 20
Yellow poplar
10 20 30 50 80
Red oak --- 20 --- --- ---
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Methodology
TGA FTIR
TGA-FTIR Connection line
TGA-FTIR Interface
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Methodology
• Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
T: room-950 °C, 10 °C/min (natrigen flow
rate 50 ml/min)
• Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR):
Resolution: range at 4 cm-1
Spectra collected every 30 s
Yellow poplar 14
Results
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Yellow poplar 15
Results
Red oak 16
Results
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Red oak 17
Results
Kingwood coal 18
Results
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Weight loss of wood vs coal
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Results
Weight loss Td of KW coal + YP (10 to 80)
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Results
78.2%
469 °C
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3D FTIR of diff Kingwood : YP ratios
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Results
Kingwood +YP vs RO=80:20
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Results
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Thermal analysis demonstrates that woody biomass sources are easily decomposed, with most of their weight lost under lower temperature compared with coal.
The biomass pyrolysis process could be divided into different stages: moisture evaporation, hemicellulose decomposition, cellulose and lignin degradation.
Woody biomass could enhance/stimulative coal pyrolysis/gasification. Different biomass may have different influences.
The main gaseous products from the pyrolysis of biomass, coal, and their mixture with different ratios included CO2, CH4, CO, H2O and some organics (a mixture of acids, aldehydes (C=O), alkanes (C–C), and ethers (C–O–C)).
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Conclusions
Thanks!
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