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My presentation for the class "AI and Software Engineering" I am taking.
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Knowledge Representation and the Semantic Web
by Daniel D. Shaw
Knowledge Defined
i. Expertise and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
ii. What is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information.
iii. Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
Source: Oxford English Dictionary (by way of Wikipedia)
Knowledge Representation
5 Roles of Knowledge Representation A surrogate, a substitute for the knowledge
itself, used to determine consequences. A set of ontological commitments.
The definition of the domain a thing is associated with.
One of the aspects of the theory of intelligent reasoning. (Concepts very relevant to AI, but less relevant to what we’re looking at).
Source: Davis, Shrobe and Szolovits, 1993
Knowledge Representation
5 Roles of Knowledge Representation A medium for pragmatically efficient
computation. Knowledge management facilitators or expert systems rule.
A medium of human expression, such as language.
Source: Davis, Shrobe and Szolovits, 1993
How do we represent knowledge?
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#“ xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> <foaf:Person rdf:about="#JW"> <foaf:name>Jimmy Wales</foaf:name> <foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:[email protected]" /> <foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://www.jimmywales.com/" /> <foaf:nick>Jimbo</foaf:nick> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource="http://www.jimmywales.com/ausimgsmall.jpg"/> <foaf:interest>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.wikimedia.org“ rdfs:label="Wikipedia" />
</foaf:interest> <foaf:knows> <foaf:Person> <foaf:name>Angela Beesley</foaf:name> </foaf:Person> </foaf:knows> </foaf:Person></rdf:RDF>
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOAF_(software)
Father of the [Semantic] Web
Tim Berners-Lee Actually it’s…
Sir Timothy Berners-Lee OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA
Invented the World Wide Web in 1989. Director of the W3C. Early documents in 1998. Published “The Semantic
Web” in Scientific American in 2001. Started formally working on the Semantic Web
project at the end of 2004.
Image Source: W3C Semantic Web Activity
Semantic Web
Remember:
Semantic = “meaning”
Semantic Web
“The Semantic Web is a web of data. There is lots of data we all use every day, and its not part of the web. I can see my bank statements on the web, and my photographs, and I can see my appointments in a calendar. But can I see my photos in a calendar to see what I was doing when I took them? Can I see bank statement lines in a calendar?”
- W3C Semantic Web Activity
Semantic Web “LayerCake”
Image Source: W3C Semantic Web Activity
Semantic Web “LayerCake”
URI/IRI – links. XML – interchangeable,
structured data. Resource Description
Framework (RDF) RDF Schema (RDFS) Rule Interchange
Format (RIF)
Image Source: W3C Semantic Web Activity
Semantic Web “LayerCake”
SPARQL Web Ontology
Language (OWL) “Trust” – the top
layer and the key to realizing the full potential of the Semantic Web.
Image Source: W3C Semantic Web Activity
Semantic Web in Practice
Network aware devices Interact with other locally aware devices. Example:
Phone that notifies local devices with a volume control that there is an incoming call.
Semantic Web in Practice
Intelligent Agents Conduct trusted actions on behalf of the owner with
trusted resources. Example:
Intelligent agent book trip for WWW2008.
Take-aways for Software Engineers
Knowledge Representation Knowledge and the representation
of knowledge is multi-faceted and does not necessarily need to be dealtwith as a whole.
Ontologies are important, but imperfect. Which is more important for you:
meaning for computers or meaning for humans?
Take-aways for Software Engineers
The Semantic Web After 7+ years, it’s still “emerging”. In its purest sense, it may never
become a reality. Trust of computer systems, especially
the one’s we didn’t create could be a major hurdle.
Take-aways for Software Engineers
The Semantic Web The core concepts of The Semantic
Web can be applied creatively. We can sample and mash-up these
concepts. Web 2.0 business have created
business value by applying these concepts in simple ways.
Knowledge Representation and the Semantic Web
by Daniel D. Shaw
Thank you!
