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The eCar Ireland ProjectIEEE VTS Workgroup
University College Cork
Senan McGrath
Chief Technology Officer, ESB ecars
Aug 30th 2011
2
www.esb.ie/ecars
Irish Targets for 2020
• 10% of all Vehicles will be electric • Battery or PHEV
• 250k vehicles
• EU 2009 Climate Energy Package– 20% CO2 reduction on 1990 (15% of 2005 figure)
• EU Renewables Directives
– 10% of all road transport energy from renewable sources
3
www.esb.ie/ecars
Ireland as a location for ecars
• Single electricity network company
• Government commitment
• High levels of wind generation
• Limited range between urban centres
• Ideal climate for batteries
• High levels of Single family dwellings
• Ireland is a leader in the IT sector
4
www.esb.ie/ecars
EV Charging Market Models
Slide courtesy of Eurelectric
5
www.esb.ie/ecars
eCar Ireland
• Early supply of electric cars
• Renault - Nissan;
Mitsubishi, PSA Peugeot
Citroen, Toyota
• Incentives
• ESB to provide national
charging infrastructure
• All electricity suppliers
facilitated for competitive
market for electricity to
charge vehicles
6
www.esb.ie/ecars
National Roll out of Charging Infrastructure
1500 On Street Charge Points
• Dublin & County 500
• Cork 135
• Limerick 45
• Galway 45
• Waterford 45
At least one charging point for
every town with 1500+ population
30 Fast Chargers
• On all major inter urban route
• Every 60 km
2000 Domestic Chargers
7
www.esb.ie/ecars
Charging Infrastructure
HOME / WORK PUBLIC FAST
6 – 8 hours
AC 1Φ 16A Mode 3
Type 2/ fixed cable
1 - 6 hours*
AC 3Φ 32A Mode 3
Type 2
80% in 20 minutes
DC 50kW
AC 3Φ 63A Mode 3
fixed cable (Future)
*Depending on car
8
www.esb.ie/ecars
EU Commission Mandate M/ 468
• Mandate issued Jun 2010
• Report Jun 2011
• Develop/ Review standards to
• Ensure Interoperability and connectivity between
– Supply Point and on-board Car charger
– Off-board charger and Car
• Consider Any Smart Charging Issue
• Consider Safety Risks and electromagnetic compatibility with Directives (LVD and EMC)
9
www.esb.ie/ecars
EVs Connector types (AC)
05/11
1 ф 32A
250Vac
Type 1 Type 2
from 1 ф 16A
250V to 3 ф
63A 480V
Type 3b
From 1 ф 16A
250V to 3 ф
63 A 480V
Shutters
10
www.esb.ie/ecars
DC Fast Charger Connectors
SAE Combo Connector Chademo Connector
11
www.esb.ie/ecars
DC Fast Charging• Japanese led Chademo Standard
– Launched Internationally Mar 2010
– European Steering Group Dec 2010
– ESB member from start and on European
Steering Group
12
www.esb.ie/ecars
European Chademo Fast Chargers (Jul 2011)
13
www.esb.ie/ecars
Technical Issues for Irish Charging Infrastructure
• Standardisation (EU mandated Cen/ Cenelec Focus Group)
• Earthing and Bonding (car has large exposed metal surface)
• Double-Headed 32A 3 ф Charging posts (2 x 22kW) at forefront
of Charging technology
– Type B RCDs
– Utility Grade Metering
– Communicate with Back office using specified Open Architecture
– Varying the power supplied using the PWM signal
– Under-frequency switching
• “Upstream” protection
– IP66 Vault, mini-pillar, in base of Charge post
• Earth Loop impedance test on a Type 2 socket installation.
14
www.esb.ie/ecars
IT Target Requirements• Customer
– Intuitive, ease of use, complexity hidden from user
– Charge Point reservation, remote lock & unlock
– Stream data to other users (respecting privacy)
– Facilitate Apps creation by 3rd parties
• Commercial– Open access to all licenced energy suppliers
– Pre-pay, Post-pay and Anonymous Users
– Reconciliation with market systems
– Payments, Enquiries & Tariffs Portal
– Roaming on island of Ireland (2 currencies)
• Smart Charging (research now for future use)– Frequency response
– Interruptible Tariffs (virtual spinning reserve)
– Local Distribution management
15
www.esb.ie/ecars
Initial Irish Leaf Owners
16
www.esb.ie/ecars
Electric and Hybrids in ESB Fleet
17
www.esb.ie/ecars
Other Electric Vehicles in Ireland
Celtic Linen Smiths Newton
(Avia 10.5 tonne GVW)
OPW Smiths Newton
(Avia 7.5 tonne GVW)
Grange Builders
Suppliers Smiths
Newton
Verde Autos Van
18
www.esb.ie/ecars
eTaxi Project
19
www.esb.ie/ecars
EV Charging Profile Project
• Technology Institute Project
• First test on Mitsubishi iMiev
• Plan to develop suite of profiles for
all EVs
• DC Fast Charger Profiles also to be
measuredEvent #80 at 09/02/2011 16:19:59.800
Timed
Average Power (kW) Timeplot from 09/02/2011 10:23:35 to 09/02/2011 16:42:55
Min Max Avg
AP(kW) 0.3348 2.676 2.500
11:0009/02/2011Wednesday
12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
kW
A P(kW) (avg)
Dran-View 6.9.01 HASP : 1268339432 (4B9952E8h)
Event #41 at 09/02/2011 10:29:59.800
Timed
Voltage & Current Waveforms at 09/02/2011 10:29:59.800
10:29:59.87
09/02/2011
Wednesday
10:29:59.88 10:29:59.89 10:29:59.90 10:29:59.91
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Volts
Vo
lta
ge
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Amps
Cu
rre
nt
Voltage Current
Dran-View 6.9.01 HASP : 1268339432 (4B9952E8h)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 104
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
Frequency content (up to 1000th harmonic) of the current waveform
Frequency (Hz)
Am
plit
ud
e (
dB
0)
20
www.esb.ie/ecars
Other Project Partnerships
• 3 EU FP7 Projects
• Intel & ESB MoU (FP7)– Smart charging
• Interreg Project
• Eurelectric (Utilities)– EV Task Force
• EPRI (US) Smart Grids– EV on Distribution Network
• Northern Ireland Plugged-in-Places