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An overview of the strengths and weaknesses of Second Life, with particular reference to its use in education. This presentation was used to support lunchtime seminars for IT staff in Bath and Manchester, UK.
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March
20
07
Andy Powell, Eduserv [email protected]
www.eduserv.org.uk/foundation
Second Life in 3600 seconds
or “My life in the bush of avatars”
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Second what?
• 3-D virtual world
• run by Linden Lab
• ‘proprietary’, but public commitment to open standards and OSS
• populated by avatars, aka residents
• a ‘metaverse’ (from the book: Snow Crash)
www.secondlife.com
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
So it’s just a game right?
• can use SL to build games – including shoot ‘em ups
• but such activities frowned on in public spaces
• looks and feels like a gaming environment
• but no purpose as such
– use it to buy / sell, entertain, learn, collaborate, …
• do not approach it simply as a game – you’ll be disappointed!
image by J0@nn@ @ flickr.com
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Ain’t you got a first life mate?
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Joining SL
• two steps– register
– install client software
• note technical requirements
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
What does it cost?
• basic accounts are free
• need to pay monthly subscription ($10) to own land
• land can be quite expensive
• ‘land use fees’ for owning more than smallest plot
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Naming / identity
• every avatar has a name
• chosen at registration
• can’t be changed
• though can have ‘Alt’s
• mine is Art Fossett - not an anagram!
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Identity / appearance
• on the Internet no one knows you’re a dog
• in SL no one knows you’re a bloke
• appearance can be changed instantly
• wings and tails (‘furries’) seem oddly popular!
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Communication
• chat
• IM
• group IM
• IM <-> email
• no in-built support for voice
• promised soon
• but residents have added Skype integration
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Getting around
• walking
• flying
• teleporting– locally via scripted
objects
– longer distances via ‘landmarks’
• in-world search engine
• locations exposed to Web as SLURLs
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Virtual land
• rent or buy
• needed for permanent buildings
– shops, galleries, universities
• mainland areas
• private islands (~$1000 for non-profits)
• issues with ‘land barons’ buying up available land and selling for profit
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Building stuff
• anyone can build
• in sandboxes or on own land
• objects made out of basic building blocks – prims (cubes, spheres, …)
• prim limits usually apply
• prims can be textured for realism – but uploading costs L$10
• objects as HUDs
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Scripting• scripted objects
• C++ like, event-driven language
• move, change shape, etc.
• interact via clicking, chat, sensing the env.
• modify avatar behaviour
• in-world physics engine
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Multimedia• limited integration of
audio and video files
• SL client has built-in support for Quicktime
• can play anything that QT supports
• pulled in from URL associated with land parcel
• however, significant limitations currently
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
SL and Web 2.0
• scripting language can issue HTTP GET and POST requests
• can integrate with Web 2.0 services
• but significant limitations currently
• no built-in HTML, XML or JSON parsers so need to parse externally
• SLURLs can be bookmarked in del.icio.us
• some good examples – Second Talk, SLoodle, SLtwitter, BlogHUD, RSS readers
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
IPR
• IPR on in-world objects rests with creator
• e.g. rights to game designed in-world subsequently sold to Nintendo by its creator
• however, objects essentially remain locked in-world
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Money
• in-world currency
• Linden dollar (L$)
• $1 = ~L$280
• fluctuates
• but supply influenced by Linden Lab
• currency market to buy and sell L$
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Commerce
• many big brands in SL
• hype => presence
• some criticism from older residents that SL is becoming a ‘brandscape’
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Entertainment
• hard to tell hype from reality
• some experimental use of SL to host events and/or mirror RL events
• e.g. BBC One Big Weekend
• but significant problems with scalability
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Machinima
• the use of SL to create movies
• application in film studies and related areas
• of interest because the techniques are the same but costs significantly lower
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Crime
• not a significant issue (yet!)
• some anti-social behaviour
• some reports of people pretending to be shop owners when they are not
• some reports of fraud around land sales
• one major incident of hacking into SL databases
image by ay1ene @ flickr.com
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Hype
• SL very over-hyped
• significant complaints that stats are misleading
• i.e. worse than Web stats
• LL have improved the way they report usage but…
• SL also (inappropriately) touted as Web NG
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Demographics
Country %
United States 31.19%
France 12.73%
Germany 10.45%
United Kingdom 8.08%
Netherlands 6.55%
Spain 3.83%
Brazil 3.77%
Canada 3.30%
Belgium 2.63%
Italy 1.93%
Australia 1.48%
Switzerland 1.29%
Japan 1.29%
Sweden 0.95%
Denmark 0.88%
China 0.61%
Age %
Average Age Adult Grid
13-17 1.23% 33
18-24 27.16%
25-34 38.88%
35-44 21.13%
Average Age on Teen Grid
45 + 11.61% 15
F M
2006 September 43.76% 56.24%
2006 October 42.65% 57.35%
2006 November 42.14% 57.86%
2006 December 41.42% 58.58%
2007 January 41.11% 58.89%
2007 February 41.07% 58.93%
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Time
• SL runs on US West Coast time (GMT-8)
• many events tend to run on that basis
• SL tends to be empty during our working day
• actually, SL tends to look empty, full-stop!
• in-world daylight hours run on 4 hour cycle
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Gambling and porn
• both exist… in abundance!
• as with early Web, both areas quick to exploit the technology
• indicative of flexibility?
• causes problems because of load on ‘sims’
• not possible to choose who your neighbours are!
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
SL rules
• code of conduct in public spaces– no griefing / hassling of other
residents
– no use of offensive language
– no nudity
– no public sex
• no police as such
• but breaches can be reported to Linden Lab
• areas can be explicitly marked as ‘mature’ (or for gaming)
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Politics• RL politics surface in
SL every so often – anti-war, anti-NF, …
• SL politics also feature – pricing, land policies, IPR, open sourcing of SL software
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
SL and learning
• widespread interest in use of SL in education
• explicitly encouraged by Linden Lab
• not clear that people really know how to use SL yet
• but some interesting examples of use
• arts, social sciences, law, psychology, archaeology, languages, …
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Teen Second Life
• note that SL is segregated
• Teen SL (14-18) and SL (18+)
• no cross-over allowed except in limited cases (e.g. teachers)
• well enforced
• presumably to prevent threat of legal action in US
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
SL and research
• even less clear what is possible here
• but note that Nature Publishing have an island (‘Second Nature’)
• speaking at our symposium in May
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
SL in context
• SL is one of many virtual worlds
• there.com, World of Warcraft, Entropia Universe, Active Worlds, …
• not clear that SL is the answer
• SL client now released as open source
• clear demand for server to made OSS also
• some commitment to this by LL (partly because people are reverse-engineering the server anyway)
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Conclusions…
• too much hype
• no clear best-practice (or even much practice) around e-learning
• high technical requirements
• no voice integration
• but… useful experimental environment
• building and scripting environment very powerful
• seems likely that 3-D virtual worlds of some kind will be part of the future
March 2007Eduserv lunchtime seminar
Four examples…