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Observation
Information gathered using the 5 senses
Inference
A Conclusion made on the basis of facts rather than on direct observations
Hypothesis
An “educated statement” that is testable in the natural world
Hypotheses are never “proven” They are “supported”
Hypotheses are made to be rejected
Qualitative Data
Data Described by Certain Qualities Adjectives
Quantitative Data
Data That Can Be Measured in Numbers
Independent Variable
The variable that the experimenter changes or manipulates
Dependent Variable
The variable that the experimenter measures
When to use a bar graph Discrete data – each item is a whole and
separate unit (cats and dogs) You can’t really have a cat and a half!! Compare sets of data
When to use a line graph Graphs most commonly used in science
they show a relationship Continuous data – the points could
theoretically be subdivided Additional points are always possible
Graphing over time, temperature, weight
A Successful Experiment Includes
Multiple Trials If using subjects, they are chosen at
random Large sample size Tries to remove all bias