MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

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Elements

only one kindof atom; atomsare bonded itthe element

is diatomic orpolyatomic

Compounds

two ormore kindsof atomsthat arebonded

substancewith

definitemakeup

andproperties

Mixtures

two or moresubstances

that arephysically

mixed

two ormore

kinds ofand

Both elements and compounds have a definite makeup and definite properties.

Packard, Jacobs, Marshall, Chemistry Pearson AGS Globe, page (Figure 2.4.1)

Matter Flowchart

Examples:

– graphite

– pepper

– sugar (sucrose)

– paint

– soda

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element

hetero. mixture

compound

solution homo. mixture

hetero. mixture

Pure Substances

Element– composed of identical atoms– EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

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Pure Substances

Compound

– composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

– properties differ from those of individual elements

– EX: table salt (NaCl)

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Pure Substances

For example…

Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

Carbon, C Oxygen, O Carbon monoxide, CO

Carbon, C Oxygen, O Oxygen, O Carbon dioxide, CO2

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Mixtures

Variable combination of two or more pure substances.

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

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Mixtures

Solution– homogeneous– very small particles– no Tyndall effect Tyndall Effect

– particles don’t settle– EX: rubbing alcohol

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Mixtures

Colloid– heterogeneous– medium-sized particles– Tyndall effect– particles don’t settle– EX: milk

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Mixtures

Suspension– heterogeneous– large particles– Tyndall effect– particles settle– EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade

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Mixtures

Examples:

– mayonnaise

– muddy water

– fog

– saltwater

– Italian salad dressing

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colloid

suspension

colloid

solution

suspension

Classification of Matter

uniformproperties?

fixedcomposition?

chemicallydecomposable?

no

no

no

yes

hetero-geneousmixture

solution

element

compound

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld003.htm

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

(a)an element(hydrogen)

(b)a compound(water)

(c)a mixture(hydrogen and oxygen)

(d)a mixture(hydrogenand oxygen)

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 68

hydrogenatoms hydrogen

atoms

oxygen atoms

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

(a)an element(hydrogen)

(b)a compound(water)

(c)a mixture(hydrogen and oxygen)

(d)a mixture(hydrogenand oxygen)

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 68

hydrogenatoms hydrogen

atoms

oxygen atoms

Mixture vs. Compound

Mixture

FixedComposition

Bonds between

components

Can ONLY beseparated by

chemical means

VariableComposition

No bondsbetween

components

Can beseparated by

physical means

Alike Different

Contain two or more

elements

Can beseparated

intoelements

Involvesubstances

Compound

Different

Topic Topic