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Plug-In Electric Vehicles:Innovation, Incentives and Infrastructure
February 15, 2012
Dipankar Sarkar Technology Demonstration Manager Technology Advancement OfficeSouth Coast Air Quality Management District
AQMD Background
Los AngelesCounty
OrangeCounty
RiversideCounty
San BernardinoCounty
South Coast Basin:• 4-county region• 11,000 sq. miles• 16+ million residents• Hundreds of thousands diesel
vehicles• Millions of gasoline vehicles• Combined Ports of Long Beach and Los
Angeles are nation's largest port complex
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Key Regional Air Quality Challenge:Reducing Nitrogen Oxides from Mobile Sources
• Attaining federal ozone and PM2.5 standards will require substantial NOx reductions beyond adopted rules
• Ozone standard will likely require the greatest reductions – Attainment Deadlines:
• 2023 (80 ppb standard)• 2032 timeframe (75 ppb standard)
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NOxMobile Sources
90%
1 Preliminary emissions estimates based on data updated from 2007 AQMP where available: CARB 2010 emissions projections for trucks and off-road equipment; IMO Tier 1 – 3 for ocean vessels; EPA 2008 rule for locomotives; 2007 AQMP short-term measures for other categories. Range for oceangoing vessels (20 -52) based on varying deployment assumptions for IMO Tier 2 and 3 vessels and range of ports’ cargo forecasts.2. 1997 80 ppb federal ambient ozone standard. Source: 2007 AQMP.
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South Coast Air Basin
Top 15 NOx Categories: 2023 NOx Emissions With Adopted Rules
Preliminary SCAQMD Estimates1
2023 NOx carrying capacity for 80 ppb
federal ozone standard 2
Preliminary 2030 NOx carrying capacity for
current 75 ppb federal ozone standard
Health Consequences
• >5,000 premature deaths / year
• 9,000 hospitalizations / year
• 1.7 million cases respiratory illness / year
• 1.3 million school absences
• 2.8 million lost workdays / year
Strategy for Technology Advancement
Regulate
Incentives & Funding Technology Providers
End-Users 6
AQMD Clean Fuels Program• Established in 1988• $1 fee on DMV
registrations ($~12M/yr)
• Stationary source fee (~$400k/yr)
• Research, develop, demonstrate, and deploy (RD3) clean technologies
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Technology Advancement Office
Clean Fuels Program
2010 Annual Report and
2011 Plan UpdateMarch 2011
Technology Advancement Office
Clean Fuels Program
2010 Annual Report and
2011 Plan UpdateMarch 2011
Advanced Technologies
• Aftertreatment• Emulsified Diesel• HD Natural Gas Engines• Natural Gas Fueling Infrastructure• Advanced Diesel Engines• Hybrid Vehicles• Plug-in Electric Vehicles• Gas to Liquid Fuel• Renewables/Biofuels• H2 Technologies & Refueling• Fuel Cell Vehicles
Near-Term
Longer-Term8
Electric car (Nissan Leaf)
Battery Bus
Heavy-duty battery truck
Pathway Toward Zero-Emissions
AQMD Demonstration Vehicles
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• Battery-Electric Mini Es, Nissan Leaf• Plug-In Hybrid Toyota Prius• Fuel Cell (Honda Clarity)• Ford Escape Converted PHEVs• Neighborhood Electric Vehicles
South Bay Cities COG LUV Project• NEV Demo Extension
$119,815 AQMD Clean Fuels, $230k total– Add 2 NEVs and continue 4 NEVs– Add drivers and applications– Conduct 12 month demonstration with data
collection
• Potential for Expansion
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Electric Charging at AQMD
• Publicly accessible
• Supports a variety of Plug-In Vehicles
• Upgrading to support new vehicles
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Trucks
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•Transpower Battery Electric Class 8 Truck•EVI/UPS Trucks•Plug-In Electric Utility Trucks and Buses•Balqon Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Yard Truck•Santa Monica Battery Electric Utility Truck
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Transit Buses
• Battery-electric with quick charge (Foothill Transit: Protera)• Hydrogen fuel cell (Sunline Transit: Van Hool, UTC Fuel Cell)
Clean Air Choices Outreach• Governing Board direction
– Goals• Design mobile application with vehicle calculator• Update CleanAirChoices.org website• Educate & Inform public• Build momentum (elected officials & press)
– Deliverables• Board Retreat preview of mobile app• Live Rollout target EVS26 in May
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South Coast EV Charging Infrastructure Funding Programs
Project Agencies Funding Source Amount
SoCalEV Project AQMD, SoCalEV CEC/SoCalEV
$840,750
ChargeUp LA City of LA LADWP $2,000,000
Install EVSE Clipper Creek, Coulomb Technologies, ECOtality
SCAQMD $210,000
Upgrade EVSE Clipper Creek CEC $760,000
ChargePoint America Coulomb Technologies DOE/CEC $1,400,000
The EV Project ECOtality DOE/CEC $3,200,000
TOTAL $8,400,000
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DOE PEV Infrastructure Grant
Received $1M grant from DOE Clean Cities Program for PEV infrastructure planning, AQMD as lead agency– Six regional plans (Bay Area, Central Coast,
Sacramento, San Diego, San Joaquin, South Coast), statewide guidelines document, education outreach workshops
– Compile regional plans into statewide plan– DOE agreement going to Oct Board for
receiving grant and executing contracts with sub-recipients
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CEC PEV Infrastructure Grant
• Received $200K from CEC for PEV infrastructure planning, SCAG and AQMD co-lead agencies– Fund sub-regional studies that feed into regional
PEV infrastructure plan– Awards announced in late Sept
– Entering into contracting process
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