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PHP is used by the likes of Facebook, Yahoo, Zynga, Tumblr, Etsy, and Wikipedia. How do the largest internet companies scale PHP to meet their demand? Join this session and find out how to use the latest tools in PHP for developing high performance applications. We’ll take a look at common techniques for scaling PHP applications and best practices for profiling and optimizing performance. After this session, you’ll leave prepared to tackle your next enterprise PHP project.
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SCALING PHP IN THE REAL WORLD!Dustin Whittle
PHP IS USED BY THE LIKES OF FACEBOOK, YAHOO, ZYNGA, TUMBLR, ETSY, AND WIKIPEDIA. HOW DO THE LARGEST INTERNET COMPANIES
SCALE PHP TO MEET THEIR DEMAND? !
JOIN THIS SESSION AND FIND OUT HOW TO USE THE LATEST TOOLS IN PHP FOR DEVELOPING HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS. WE’LL
TAKE A LOOK AT COMMON TECHNIQUES FOR SCALING PHP APPLICATIONS AND BEST
PRACTICES FOR PROFILING AND OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE. AFTER THIS SESSION, YOU’LL
LEAVE PREPARED TO TACKLE YOUR NEXT ENTERPRISE PHP PROJECT.
AGENDA• Why performance matters?
• The problems with PHP
• Best practice designs
• Distributed data caches with Redis and Memcached
• Doing work in the background with queues
• Http caching and a reverse proxy with Varnish
• Using the right tool for the job
• Tools of the trade
• Xdebug + WebGrind
• XHProf + XHProf GUI
• AppDynamics
• Google PageSpeed
• Architecture not applications
DUSTIN WHITTLE
• dustinwhittle.com
• @dustinwhittle
• Technologist, Pilot, Skier, Diver, Sailor, Golfer
WHAT I HAVE WORKED ON
• Developer Evangelist @
• Consultant & Trainer @
• Developer Evangelist @
DID YOU KNOW FACEBOOK, YAHOO, ZYNGA, TUMBLR, ETSY, AND
WIKIPEDIA WERE ALL BUILT ON PHP?
WHY DOES PERFORMANCE MATTER?
WHEN MOZILLA SHAVED 2.2 SECONDS OFF THEIR LANDING PAGE, FIREFOX DOWNLOADS INCREASED 15.4%
MAKING BARACK OBAMA’S WEBSITE 60% FASTER INCREASED DONATION CONVERSIONS BY 14%
AMAZON AND WALMART INCREASED REVENUE 1% FOR
EVERY 100MS OF IMPROVEMENT
PERFORMANCE DIRECTLY IMPACTS THE BOTTOM LINE
PHP IS SLOWER THAN JAVA, C++, ERLANG, SCALA, AND
GO!
HTTP://PHPSADNESS.COM/
...AND PHP HAS SOME SERIOUS DESIGN ISSUES AND INCONSISTENCIES!
...BUT THERE ARE WAYS TO SCALE TO HANDLE HIGH TRAFFIC APPLICATIONS
PHP IS NOT YOUR PROBLEM!
WHAT VERSION OF PHP DO YOU RUN?
UPGRADE YOUR PHP ENVIRONMENT TO 2014!
NGINX + PHP-FPM
USE AN OPCODE CACHE!
PHP 5.5 HAS ZEND OPCACHE
APC
USE AUTOLOADING AND PSR-0
SYMFONY2 CLASSLOADER COMPONENT WITH APC
CACHING
SCALING BEYOND A SINGLE SERVER IN PHP
OPTIMIZE YOUR SESSIONS!
THE DEFAULT IN PHP IS TO PERSIST SESSIONS TO DISK
IT IS BETTER TO STORE SESSIONS IN A DATABASE
EVEN BETTER IS TO STORE IN A DATABASE WITH A
SHARED CACHE IN FRONT
PECL INSTALL MEMCACHED
session.save_handler = memcached
session.save_path = "10.0.0.10:11211,10.0.0.11:11211,10.0.0.12:11211"
memcached.sess_prefix = “session.”
memcached.sess_consistent_hash = On
memcached.sess_remove_failed = 1
memcached.sess_number_of_replicas = 2
memcached.sess_binary = On
memcached.sess_randomize_replica_read = On
memcached.sess_locking = On
memcached.sess_connect_timeout = 200
memcached.serializer = “igbinary”
THE BEST SOLUTION IS TO LIMIT SESSION SIZE AND STORE ALL DATA
IN A SIGNED OR ENCRYPTED COOKIE
LEVERAGE AN IN-MEMORY DATA CACHE
MEMCACHED.ORG
REDIS.IO
• Any data that is expensive to generate/query and long lived should be cached
• Web Service Responses
• HTTP Responses
• Database Result Sets
• Configuration Data
GUZZLE HTTP CLIENT HAS BUILT-IN SUPPORT FOR CACHING
WEB SERVICE REQUESTS
$memcache = new Memcache();
$memcache->connect('localhost', 11211);
!$memcacheDriver = new Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache();
$memcacheDriver->setMemcache($memcache);
!$client = new Guzzle\HttpClient(‘http://www.test.com/’);
!$cachePlugin = new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\CachePlugin(array(
‘storage’ => new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\DefaultCacheStorage(
new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\DoctrineCacheAdapter($memcacheDriver)
)
));
$client->addSubscriber($cachePlugin);
!$response = $client->get(‘http://www.wikipedia.org/’)->send();
!$response = $client->get(‘http://www.wikipedia.org/’)->send();
DOCTRINE ORM FOR PHP HAS BUILT-IN CACHING SUPPORT FOR MEMCACHED AND REDIS
$memcache = new Memcache();
$memcache->connect('localhost', 11211);
!$memcacheDriver = new Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache();
$memcacheDriver->setMemcache($memcache);
!$config = new Doctrine\ORM\Configuration();
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($memcacheDriver);
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($memcacheDriver);
$config->setResultCacheImpl($memcacheDriver);
!$entityManager = Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager::create(array(‘driver’ => ‘pdo_sqlite’, ‘path’ => __DIR__ . ‘/db.sqlite’), $config);
!$query = $em->createQuery(‘select u from EntitiesUser u’);
$query->useResultCache(true, 60);
!$users = $query->getResult();
DO BLOCKING WORK IN BACKGROUND TASKS VIA
QUEUES
• Resque
• Gearman
• RabbitMQ
• Kafka
• Beanstalkd
• ZeroMQ
• ActiveMQ
RESQUE
• Any process that is slow and not important for the http response should be queued
• Sending notifications + posting to social accounts
• Analytics + Instrumentation
• Updating profiles and discovering friends from social accounts
• Consuming web services like Twitter Streaming API
LEVERAGE HTTP CACHING
EXPIRES OR INVALIDATION
EXPIRATION
VALIDATION
EXPIRATION AND INVALIDATION
SYMFONY2 HTTPFOUNDATION COMPONENT WITH HTTP
CACHING
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
!
$response = new Response(‘Hello World!’, 200, array(‘content-type’ => ‘text/html’));
!
$response->setCache(array(
‘etag’ => ‘a_unique_id_for_this_resource’,
‘last_modified’ => new DateTime(),
‘max_age’ => 600,
‘s_maxage’ => 600,
‘private’ => false,
‘public’ => true,
));
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
!
$request = Request::createFromGlobals();
!
$response = new Response(‘Hello World!’, 200, array(‘content-type’ => ‘text/html’));
!
if ($response->isNotModified($request)) {
$response->send();
}
• Varnish
• Squid
• Nginx Proxy Cache
• Apache Proxy Cache
USE VARNISH AS A REVERSE PROXY CACHE TO ALLEVIATE LOAD ON YOUR APP SERVERS
OPTIMIZE YOUR FRAMEWORK!
• Stay up-to-date with the latest stable version of your favorite framework
• Disable features you are not using (I18N, Security, etc)
• Always use a data cache like Memcached/Redis
• Enable caching features for views and database result sets
• Always use a HTTP cache like Varnish
SHARDING
TAKING A LARGE PROBLEM AND MAKING IT INTO MANAGEABLE
SMALLER PROBLEMS
SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE !
JAVA/SCALA/ERLANG/GO/NODE BACKEND !
PHP OR PURE JAVASCRIPT FRONTEND
PHP AS GLUE
COMPANIES OF GREAT SCALE MOVE AWAY FROM PHP OR
CREATE THEIR OWN VARIANT
YAHOO! & YPHP
FACEBOOK & HIPHOP
LEARN TO HOW TO PROFILE CODE FOR PHP
PERFORMANCE
XDEBUG + WEBGRIND
XHPROF + XHPROF GUI
• Upgrade to PHP 5.5 with Zend OpCache using PHP-PFM + Nginx
• Stay up to date with your framework + dependencies (using Composer)
• Optimize your session store to use signed cookies or database with caching
• Cache your database and web service access with Memcache or Redis
• Do blocking work in the background with queues and tasks using Resque
• Use HTTP caching and a reverse proxy cache like Varnish
• Profile code with Xdebug + Webgrind and monitor production performance
DON’T FORGET TO OPTIMIZE THE CLIENT SIDE
IN MODERN WEB APPLICATIONS MOST OF THE LATENCY COMES
FROM THE CLIENT SIDE
USE ASSETIC TO OPTIMIZE CLIENT-SIDE ASSETS
GOOGLE PAGESPEED
GOOGLE PAGESPEED INSIGHTS
GOOGLE PAGESPEED API
CURL "HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLEAPIS.COM/PAGESPEEDONLINE/V1/RUNPAGESPEED?
URL=HTTP://DUSTINWHITTLE.COM/&KEY=XXX"
SCALABILITY IS ABOUT THE ENTIRE ARCHITECTURE, NOT SOME
MINOR CODE OPTIMIZATIONS.
QUESTIONS?
FIND THESE SLIDES ON SPEAKERDECK !
HTTPS://SPEAKERDECK.COM/DUSTINWHITTLE