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Sharing Experiences From The Pacific Region:
Samoa’s water sector
Dr Nigel Walmsley / HR Wallingford
High Level Forum, St Thomas
5th October 2009
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• Towards sustainable water resources development and management (EC & DFID)
• GWP Framework for Action: Towards water security (2WWF, 2000)
• Putting principles into practice => Samoa
Background
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Samoa
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• Fragmented control, management and protection of water resources• Competing and conflicting demands for water resources by users (both
consumptive and non-consumptive users)• Insufficient knowledge and understanding of water resources;• Social and environmental impacts of development proposals particularly
abstractions are usually ignored• Declining water quality• Excessive demand on water supply• Lack of community understanding and appreciation of responsible water
management• Limited community involvement in water resource management
Challenges
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• Access to safe water supply and basic sanitation is a critical factor in achieving improved public health
Re-assessing priorities
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• Access to safe water supply and basic sanitation is a critical factor in achieving improved public health
• Sustainable water management … • Sustainable water management and development extends
well beyond public health alone• It contributes to a much wider social, economic and
environmental development agendas• Water is linked to the achievement of most national
development goals (and all the MDGs)
• => Sustainable water management as a national priority
Re-assessing priorities
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Complex inter-linkages
Community Participation
Environment water conservation environmental health & Healthhygiene practices
environment protection community management environmental health &
water resource protection demand for services / hygiene promotion
water resource protection contribution to cost
Natural Resource Other Infrastructureurban sanitation
water catchment mgt. urban piped water supply urban drainage urban road drainage
water resource mgt urban solid waste urban flood control
rural water supplies building control
rural sanitation power supply
Water Supply & Sanitation Infrastructure
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Business as usual
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Project
Business as usualBusiness as usualA project approach
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Business as usualA project approach
Project
Project
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Business as usualA project approach
Project
Project
Project
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Business as usualA project approach
Project
Project
Project
Project
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Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
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Business as usualA project approach
Project
ProjectProject
Project
Project
Project
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Business as usualA project approach
Project
ProjectProject
Project
Project
Project
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project
Project
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project
Project
Project
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project Project
Project
Project
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project Project
ProjectProject
Project
Project
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Is there a better way?A sector approach
Project
Project Project
ProjectProject
Project
Project
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Sector approach
Project
Project Project
ProjectProject
Project
Project
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More than a just a set of projects• Based on a single, agreed vision for the
future of the sector• Cuts across the usual intra- and inter-sectoral
boundaries• Pools all resources to achieve a common
plan of action • Requires input from all stakeholders to
realise the vision
Sector approach
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Once upon a time …
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…everyone went their own way.
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Some went this way…
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… and some went that way.
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Some travelled quickly …
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… but many travelled slowly.
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Everyone went …
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… to different places …
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… doing different things…
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… with different people…
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… for different reasons
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… and different priorities.
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Then, one day …
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… along came the “water sector” bus
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…everyone got on board...
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…and travelled together.
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It had one road-map …
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…everyone agreed the way…
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The road was less congested ….
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… and there were fewer collisions.
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All the fuel-stops ….
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… filled one tank ….
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… to drive one engine …
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… to turn all the wheels …
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… to deliver everyone…
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… to the agreed destination.
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So they all arrived together…
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…to see their joint vision…
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… of pristine catchments
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… clean rivers
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… safe drinking water
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… and healthy children
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… and they all lived …
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… happily ever after.
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The Water Sector Bus
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““Water is everybody’s Water is everybody’s responsibility”responsibility”
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““Water is everybody’s Water is everybody’s responsibility”responsibility”
““GET ON BOARD”GET ON BOARD”
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Who got on board?• Politicians• Government ministries & departments• State-owned enterprises• NGOs and community leaders• Private sector• Regional organisations• Donors
Water for Life process
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• Over the period 2005-2010 more than $125 million tala will be invested in the water sector
• Sources include:• Ministry/Agency budgets• Community Service Obligations• European Commission• ADB, and others
How much fuel?
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• Government leadership of the process is essential to maintain co-ordination and integration
• But many different actors have roles and responsibilities to fulfil
• Approach based on integration and the core principles of sustainable water resource management and development
• Consultation is one of the keys to success
Who drove?
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Working together
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Water SectorManagement & implementation
Programme Management SupportTA SERVICES
MINISTRY OF FINANCE
EPPD/Donor Co-ord/Budget/Etc.WS-PMU
Programme Implementation AssistanceTA SERVICES
Water Sector Steering Committee
(WSSC)
Other Impl. Agency (IAs)Gov&NSA
Implementing Agency (IA)
MNRE
WATER SECTOR GOALS & TARGETS
STAKEHOLDER
FORUM
Implementing Agency (IA)
MOH
DONORS
Implementing Agency (IA)
SWA
Implementing Agency (IA)
NGOs
Implementing Agency (IA)MWSCD
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Planning
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Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
MNREBusiness
Plan
SWACorporate
Plan
NGOAction Plans
MOH….….
MWSCD….….
Other….….
Planning
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Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Planning
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Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Planning
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Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Educ.
…….
Planning
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Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Planning
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Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Planning
Page 75
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Planning
Page 76
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Planning
Page 77
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
MNREBusiness
Plan
Planning
Page 78
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
MNREBusiness
Plan
SWACorporate
Plan
Planning
Page 79
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
MNREBusiness
Plan
SWACorporate
Plan
MOH….….
Planning
Page 80
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
MNREBusiness
Plan
SWACorporate
Plan
MOH….….
MWSCD….….
Planning
Page 81
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
MNREBusiness
Plan
SWACorporate
Plan
NGOAction Plans
MOH….….
MWSCD….….
Other….….
Planning
Page 82
Strategy for the Development of Samoa
•National Development goals and priorities
Enhancing people’s choice
Water Sector PlanSector goals, strategies
and actions•Linking water supply, sanitation, wastewater,
water resourcemanagement
Health
…….
Educ.
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
Other
…….
MNREBusiness
Plan
SWACorporate
Plan
NGOAction Plans
MOH….….
MWSCD….….
Other….….
Planning
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Basic elements
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Basic elements
Co-ordination
Establish aGovernment-led
process of co-ordination
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Basic elements
Policy and strategy
Develop & agree a clear sector
policy and strategy
Co-ordination
Establish aGovernment-led
process of co-ordination
Page 86
Basic elements
Policy and strategy
Develop & agree a clear sector
policy and strategy
Expenditure framework
Develop & agree a medium-
term expenditureframework
Co-ordination
Establish aGovernment-led
process of co-ordination
Page 87
Basic elements
Policy and strategy
Develop & agree a clear sector
policy and strategy
Expenditure framework
Develop & agree a medium-
term expenditureframework
Co-ordination
Establish aGovernment-led
process of co-ordination
Performance monitoring
Develop common performance
monitoring and reporting systems
Page 88
Basic elements
Policy and strategy
Develop & agree a clear sector
policy and strategy
Expenditure framework
Develop & agree a medium-
term expenditureframework
Co-ordination
Establish aGovernment-led
process of co-ordination
Performance monitoring
Develop common performance
monitoring and reporting systems
Institutional capacity
Establish institutional capacity to manage &
implement sector policy & strategy
Page 89
A clear sector policy and strategy:• to know what government is aiming to achieve in the
sector and how.A medium term expenditure programme:
• to clarify what is the expected level of internal and external resources and how these will be utilised
A performance monitoring system• to measure progress towards the achievement of policy
objectives and targeted results. A strong institutional capacity
• to plan, manage and implement the sector policy and action programme
Basic elements as good practice
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• Develop skills and systems progressively to meet needs as an integrated approach grows and mature
• Work with realistic timeframes, change is not easy, and be realistic with expectations
• Marry top-down with bottom-up, requires policy/strategy initiatives but also need to demonstrate and learn
• People make the difference, it requires champions and leaders, as well as involving people out of the ‘water’ box
• Communication needs to be in the right language for the right people – the emerging role of ‘translators’
• Stakeholder engagement and communication are key to success – bring them in from the start
• Information needs to be shared widely among all stakeholders, and freely available
• Uncertainty is integral in water management, use risk-based approaches to ensure no-regret solutions
Lessons learned in the Pacific
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• GWP-C Learning Review is both retrospective and
progressive
• Learning review aims to:− Help GWP-C strengthen its programme and impact− Assess whether it is doing its work efficiently and effectively− Assess its institutional health
• Where should GWP-C be focusing its efforts?
• What strategic alliances required?
• Where can GWP-C bring the most added-value?
GWP-C Learning review
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