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On September 26, I had the privilege of speaking at the Boston Azure User Group in Boston, MA. The topic covered a in-depth discussion of DNS Routing in Microsoft Azure Traffic Manager and Amazon Route53. It was an very interactive session with lots of great questions from the attendees. The topics that we covered
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Routing in the CloudAzure Traffic Manager and Amazon Route
53
Udaiappa Ramachandran ( Udai )@nhcloud
Who am I?
• Udaiappa Ramachandran ( Udai )• Chief Architect, Ektron, Inc.,• Azure Insider• New Hampshire Cloud User Group (http://www.nashuaug.org )• Focus on Cloud Computing
• Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services
• http://cloudycode.wordpress.com• @nhcloud
Agenda
• DNS• Routing Types• Azure Traffic Manager• Amazon Route 53• References• Q & A
Why need Routing?
• High Availability• Low latency• High Performance
Domain Naming System
• What is DNS?• DNS Record Types
• A or AAAA• NS• CNAME• MX• SOA
Routing Types
• Simple• Round Robin• Weighted• Performance or Latency• Failover
Load balance incoming traffic across multiple hosted Windows Azure services to provide your applications high performance, availability and resiliency.
Windows Azure Traffic Manager
Windows Azure Traffic ManagerDNS (Domain Name System) based load balancing of hosted services
Direct user traffic to services running across Windows Azure datacenters based on routing policies
Provide health monitoring to your services
Performance
Direct traffic to “closest” service based on network latency
Round-robin
Distribute traffic equally across all services
FailoverDirect traffic to “backup” service if primary service fails
www.foo.com
foo.trafficmanager.net• Load-balancing• Service health monitoring
HostedServiceHostedServiceHostedService
HostedService
“choose the best performing deployment” between:
Deployment ADeployment BDeployment C
DNS Server
Q: What is www-contoso.trafficmgr.com?
Policy Engine
Traffic Manage
r
5
www-contoso policy
How Traffic Manager Works
Deployment AUS North
Deployment BWest Europe
Deployment C (Down)
IP=11.22.33.44 IP=22.33.44.55IP=33.44.55.66
20ms 80ms
ns1.contoso.comns2.contoso.com
Q: What is www.contoso.com?
A: CNAME to www-contoso.trafficmgr.com
34
6
7
8
Which deployments are up?
What are the regions for deployments A and B?
What is the network distance between IP 99.88.77.66 and the US North and West Europe regions?
Users’ LDNSIP=99.88.77.6
6
a.root-servers.net…
k.root-servers.net
Q: What is www.contoso.com?A: Ask ns1/2.contoso.com
12
9A: 11.22.33.44
Traffic Manager Benefits
Simplifies the task of building highly-reliable and scalable applications by setting up routing policies within minutes
Quick setup
Faster page load and better end-user experience by serving users with the hosted service that is “closest” to them
Performance
Monitor critical applications and providing automatic failover capabilities when a service goes down
Availability
Traffic Manager Scenarios
Build high performing cloud applications
Planning for disaster recovery
Upgrade Cloud Applications seamlessly
Improving PerformanceNorth America Region Europe Region Asia Pacific Region
www.contoso.com
30ms 130ms
240ms
www.contoso.com www-contoso.trafficmanager.net
30ms 20ms40ms
Disaster RecoveryNorth America Region Europe Region Asia Pacific Region
30ms 20ms40ms
Service health monitoring
120ms
Upgrading Windows Azure Application
Subscription
Region A – US North Region B – East Asia
Role 1 Role 1
api-contoso.trafficmanager.net
api.contoso.com
CNAME
api2.cloudapp.netapi.cloudapp.net
Upgraded Role 1
Test application
Traffic Manager Demo
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
What is Route 53?
Route 53 is AWS’s authoritative Domain Name (DNS) service
DNS translates domain names (like www.amazon.com) into IP addresses – think of it as a “phone book” for the internet
DNS is a Tier-0 service – availability is most important
We chose the name “Route 53″ as a play on the fact that DNS servers respond to queries on port 53
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
How it Works
Users DNS Resolver Route 53
Where is www.example.com?
I don’t know – I’ll ask the authority
1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4
53
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Design Principles
Reliable
Fast
Integrated with AWS
Easy to Use
Cost Effective
Flexible
• Redundant locations• Backed with SLA
• Worldwide anycast network• Fast propagation of changes
• ELB-Alias Queries• Latency/Performance Based
Routing• Weighted• Failover
• Console• Programmatic API
• Inexpensive rates• Pay as you go model
• Weighted Round Robin• Self-Aliasing
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Route 53’s Key Features
High Availability
DNS
• Highly available and scalable DNS service.
• Map the root or apex of your hosted zone to your Elastic Load Balancer.
• Run applications in multiple AWS regions and route users to the one that provides the lowest latency.
• Specify the frequency with which different responses are served.
Alias Records
Weighted Round Robin
Latency Based Routing
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Latency Based Routing (LBR)
Run multiple stacks of your application in different EC2 regions around the world
Create Routing records using the Route 53 API or Console
• Tag each destination end-point to the EC2 region that it’s in • End-points can either be EC2 instances, Elastic IPs or ELBs
Route 53 will route end users to the end-point that provides the lowest latency
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
LBR BenefitsBetter performance than running in a single region
Improved reliability relative to running in a single region
Easier implementation than traditional DNS solutions
Much lower prices than traditional DNS solutions
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Pay-as-you-go Pricing
Hosted Zones• $0.50 per hosted zone / month for the first 25 hosted zones• $0.10 per hosted zone / month for additional hosted zones
Standard Queries• $0.500 per million queries – first 1 Billion queries / month• $0.250 per million queries – over 1 Billion queries / month
Latency Based Routing Queries• $0.750 per million queries – first 1 Billion queries / month
$0.375 per million queries – over 1 Billion queries / month
Alias queries for ELBs free of charge
© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Getting Started with LBR
Sign up: aws.amazon.com/route53
Create a Hosted Zone
Create your DNS records, including LBR Records
Update your domain registrar with Route 53 name servers
Comparison
Traffic Manager Route53Simple, Round-robin, performance and failover Simple, weighted, round-robin, performance and
failoverDomain Naming system DNS with Authorative (SOA)REST Endpoint REST and SDKFor now it supports Hosted Services (PaaS) PaaS and IaaS supportStateless required Cookie based stickinessCNAME Record Type All types of Record Type
Route 53 Demo
References• http://
msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/hh744833.aspx• http://
www.slideshare.net/windowsazure/windows-azure-traffic-manager-overview
• http://www.slideshare.net/AmazonWebServices/route-53-latency-based-routing
• http://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/Welcome.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolver_(DNS)#DNS_resolvers• http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd197515(v=WS.10).aspx
Question?
Thank you for attending Boston Azure Cloud Usergroup