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Digital Signal Processor Romain Rogister MS T&M

Romain Rogister DSP ppt V2003

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Page 1: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Digital Signal Processor

Romain Rogister MS T&M

Page 2: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Contents

1) Digital Signal Processing : definition and explanation

2) The typical characteristics of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)

3) Review of the five generations of DSPs

4) What are the biggest DSPs manufacturers today ?

Page 3: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Part One

Digital Signal Processing

Page 4: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Definition of Digital Signal Processing

Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation, and manipulation of signals.

Signals can be either analog or digital.

Digital signal processing is the study of signals in a digital representation and the processing methods of these signals.

Page 5: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

From analog to digital / From digital to analog

The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem

16 bits : 65 535 values 24 bits : 16 777 215 values

Page 6: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Engineers study digital signals in the following domains :

Time domain

Spatial domain

Method called Filtering

• Linear or non-linear filter

• Causal or non-causal filter

• Time-invariant or adaptive-filter

• Stable or unstable filter

• FIR or IIR

Frequency domain

Fourier transform

Page 7: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Part Two

Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)

Page 8: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

MAC Operations

In computing, especially digital signal processing, multiply-accumulate is a common operation that computes the product of two numbers and adds that product to an accumulator

DSPs contain architectural optimizations to speed up processing

Page 9: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Real-Time Computing (RTC)

In computer science, real-time computing (RTC) is the study of hardware and software systems which are subject to a "real-time constraint“.

The needs of real-time software are often addressed in the context of real-time operating systems, and synchronous programming languages, which provide frameworks on which to build real-time application software.

Page 10: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Fixed-point Arithmetic

Most DSPs use fixed-point arithmetic, because in real world signal processing, the additional range provided by floating point is not needed, and there is a large speed benefit and cost benefit due to reduced hardware complexity.

However, some versions are available which use floating point arithmetic and are more powerful. •Specific applications•Cost of Software

Page 11: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Sigle Instruction, Multiple Data

SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) is a technique employed to achieve data level parallelism.

With a SIMD processor there are two improvements to this process. For one the data is understood to be in blocks, and a number of values can be loaded all at once.

Page 12: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Harvard Architecture

Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data.

Page 13: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Pipeline Architecture

In computing, a pipeline is a set of data processing elements connected in series, so that the output of one element is the input of the next one.

The elements of a pipeline are often executed in parallel.

Page 14: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Part Three

From 1980 to 2008:5 generations of DSPs

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Five generations of DSPs

Page 16: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Part Four

The Four Biggest Manufacturers

Page 17: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Texas Instrument

Founded 1930 (as GSI), 1951 (as TI)

Headquarters Dallas, Texas, USA

Industry Semiconductors, Electronics

Revenue ▲ $14.26 billion USD (2006)

Employees ▲ 30,986

Page 18: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Freescale

Founded Spin-off from Motorola in 2004

Headquarters Austin, Texas, USA

Industry Semiconductors

Revenue ▲ $6.4 billion USD (2006)

Employees ▲ 24,000

Page 19: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Lucent Technologies

Founded Spin-off from AT&T in 1996

Headquarters Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA

Industry Telecommunications

Revenue ▲ $9.4 billion USD (2005)

Employees ▲ 30,500

Page 20: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Analog Devices

Founded 1965

Headquarters Norwood, Massachusetts, USA

Industry Semiconductors

Revenue ▲ $2.6 billion USD (2006)

Employees ▲ 8,800

Page 21: Romain  Rogister  DSP  ppt V2003

Conclusion

The best way to understand the impact of DSP technology on design is to take a detailed look at some of the applications where DSP has established a clear advantage over alternative technologies.

Digital Video

Audio

Biometric SecurityTelecom

Radar or Sonar ControlBiomedical

Going digital enables developers to exceed their own expectations and provide functionality far beyond that which is possible through analog processing.