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ROLE OF MICROWAVE PHOTONICS IN REALIZING 5G NETWORKS

Presented byDevakumar.K.P

4SF12EC034

Guided byMr. Prasanna Kumar C

Associate Professor, ECE Dept.

CONTENTS

1. Introduction2. Optimal disruptive technologies3. Microwave photonics and 5G4. Small cell architecture5. Utilization of mmWave spectrum6. Massive MIMO7. Conclusion8. References

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INTRODUCTION

• 5G promises high data rate• But data traffic will be 1000-fold• Incremental evolution of system is insufficient

• Several disruptive technologies will be a key • Microwave photonic technologies may help

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OPTIMAL DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

• Incorporating small cell architecture• Utilizing mmWave spectrum• Realizing massive MIMO

• None of these are new technology• But implementing them in in 5G network present number of problems

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SCEM 5Overview of communication technologies needed to realize challenges of 5G cellular networks

MICROWAVE PHOTONICS AND 5G

• Microwave Photonics is a multidisciplinary field

• Fig. show RF over fiber architecture – CO – Central office– RN – Remote Node

• Fiber is used for distribution • Utilizes properties of photonics

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Integrated photonics/mmWave wireless system providing remote wireless access

SMALL-CELL ARCHITECTURE

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• Cell• Small cells • DAS

DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)

• Fiber is used to distribute the signals• Extends the range and capacity• First radio signals to optical signals• Then transmitted via optical fiber • Optical signal is converted back into the

RF

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DAS providing coverage within a building

RADIO OVER FIBER (RoF)

• Light is modulated by a radio signal • Radio signals are carried over fiber-optic cable• RoF has several salient features, including – Simpler ARUs (as no frequency up conversion is required)– Centralized frequency channel management– Central office (CO) equipment sharing– Capability to readily support multiple wideband signals.

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• Helps to achieve significant increase in data rates and traffic• Enable better frequency efficiency (reuse)• Energy and cost reduction• This have been utilized migrate dead spots in large cell and hot spots• Microwave photonics has played a role in the development of small-cell

wireless systems

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UTILIZATION OF MMWAVE SPECTRUM

• Microwave cellular systems have precious little spectrum• Around 600 MHz are currently in use, divided among operators• Either refarm spectrum or use enormous amount of spectrum at

mmWave frequencies ranging from 3 to 300 GHz• Lower-frequency spectrum near the current 4G bands would provide an

easier progression to 5G • This would also ensure backward compatibility for 5G.

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• The mmWave frequency band is a “sweet spot” for RF over fiber

• mmWave signal with broadband data can be easily transported over large distances with minimal loss.

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• By reusing the same wavelength in both directions, scarce wavelength resources can be efficiently allocated.

• In addition, if high-power sources are available, a number of network segments connected to the central office via separate fiber plants can share the same optical sources.

ARU architecture introduced to reduce the component count.

UTILIZATION OF MMWAVE SPECTRUM

• Multi-gigabit transmission rates• Increased spectral efficiency • Yields short distances• Works very well with small-cell• Highly directive antennas• Frequency reuse• Ensure backward compatibility for 5G.

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MASSIVE MIMO• Present day networks, which utilize a somewhat low-order version• Massive MIMO discuss base stations with thousands of antenna

elements and large phased arrays as the ARUs

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• In fact, the U.S. Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

• Antennas more cost-effective• Typical military

specifications• Using UAV to create high

speed network

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• Microwave photonics can play a role in the new ARUs. If phased-array technology is really going to proceed, photonics could be incorporated within the beam forming .

• Figure shows an example of a phased-array system attempting to create a multisystem shared aperture that utilizes coarse photonic beam forming. . A schematic of a multipurpose phased array.

EA: electronic attackES: electronic surveillance.

• Microwave photonics would enable some of the processing to be moved away from the ARU to a centralized point

• Help in terms of sharing overall costs and thermal management.• It may be possible to provide a multibeam solution using

wavelength-division multiplexing.• At the very least, photonics will be used to transmit all the

accumulated data to and from the ARUs.

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CONCLUSIONS

• Some of the disruptive technologies necessary to meet 5G traffic and data-rate

• In particular small-cell architectures, the exploitation of the mmWave spectra, and massive MIMO at the ARUs/base stations.

• Microwave photonics may help realize the architectures required to make the next-generation 5G network a reality.

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REFERENCES[1] Rodney Waterhouse and Dalma Novak, “Realizing 5G”,IEEE Microwave magazine, September 2015[2] F. Boccardi, R. W. Heath, Jr., A. Lozano, T. L. Marzetta, and P. Popovski, “Five disruptive technology directions for 5G,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 74–80, Feb. 2014.[3] A. L. Swidlehurst, E. Ayanogolu, P. Heydari, and F. Capolino, “Millimeter-wave massive MIMO: The next wireless revolution?” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 56–62, Sept. 2014.[4] V. Jungnickel, K. Manolakis, W. Zirwas, B. Panzner, V. Braun, M. Lossow, M. Sternad, R. Apelfrojd, and T. Svensson, “The role of small cells, coordinated multipoint and massive MIMO in 5G,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 44–51, May 2014.

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