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Part of a course on multimedia document engineering, presented at EPFL during the Spring 2009 semester. Quick introduction to the W3C SVG specification and Model Driven User Interface Design.
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Prepared for a course given during Spring 2009 semester at EPFL
ContactEPFL / IC / IIG / GR-VABâtiment BCStation 141015 Lausanne
Tel: +41 21 693 25 75
TeamChristine VANOIRBEEK
Stéphane SIREMathieu TAGGIASCOMartin VESELY
XML based user interaction through
Rich Interfaces- SVG -
MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENT
Stéphane Sire (speaking)
PLAN
• Part 1– Rich User Interaction Style
• Part 2– Iterative Design and supportive technologies
• Part 3– SVG and alike
2
MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009
PART 1
Rich User Interaction Style
EVOLUTION OF USER GRAPHICAL INTERACTION STYLES
4
Desktop Web Mobile
Command Line
Direct (1983)Manipulation
Point & Click(hypertext)
HTML Forms
WAP
Rich User Interaction
WIMP
Rich Desktop Application (RDA)
Rich Internet Application (RIA)
iPhone and alike (touch based)
CHARACTERISTICS OF RICH USER INTERACTION
• Better Graphics• Extensive use of Animations • Creative layout models• Borrowings from other interaction styles• Better feedback times (AJAX)
5
A new vocabulary for design
BETTER GRAPHICS (1)
• Layers– Painter's model of rendering– Compositing operators
• (Porter & Duff)– Clipping and masking
• Applications– Layout based on layers (see later)– Non rectangular windows
• Objects with holes– Layer's effects
6
Source: Digistrip (CENA)
BETTER GRAPHICS (2)
• Color models– Alpha channel (RGBA)– Gradient colors– Texture filling
• Applications– Light and shadows effects– Glossy effect– Reflection (cow.neondragon.net/stuff/reflection/)
– etc
7
BETTER GRAPHICS (3)
• Shapes & lines– Stroke styles
• Joints• extremities
– Bézier paths• Very efficient algorithm to draw it (De Casteljeau algorithm)
• Applications– Rounded shapes
8
BETTER GRAPHICS (4)
• Pixel Effects– Anti-aliasing
– Filters (blur, bump mapping, etc.)
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Source www.corzo.com
Source www.treebuilder.de
EXTENSIVE USE OF ANIMATIONS
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User's guidance
System state change
Visual state transition
Source www.joehewitt.com/iui/samples/music.html Source www.lemonde.fr(choose Journal Electronique)
Source www.panic.com/goods/
ANIMATION TRICKS
• "Exageration"
• Pace• Application: Kinetic Scrolling (video on youTube)
11
Author's made movie from www.laredoute.fr
Author's made movie from www.youarethemodel.com
NEW LAYOUT MODELS (1)
• Layered information
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Source www.laredoute.fr Source www.natoora.com
Source maps.google.com
NEW LAYOUT MODELS (2)
• Contraction/dilatation– Accordion
• Continuous surfaces– Linear (ribbon) : www.gucci.com or www.christofle.com
– Two dimensions : www.goruneasy.com
– Unconventional : www.etsy.com (cf. Explore)
13
Source www.goruneasy.com Source www.yomiuri.co.jp (site design has changed)
NEW LAYOUT MODELS (3)
• Fixed layout + Animation– Scrolling Ribbon
• more information with constant space within the page
• Layers + Animation– Drawer windows– Docks
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Source www.tf1.fr
BORROWINGS FROM OTHER STYLES
• Direct manipulation– Drag & drop but still marginal
• Post-WIMP techniques– Bifocal menus
• Video-games– Rotative menus
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Source www.amazon.com
Source www.wat.tv
BETTER FEEDBACK TIMES WITH AJAX
• No more page reload and full page refresh– Increase reactivity– Requires special tricks to get user's attention
• Applications– Auto-suggestion input field (see Google Autosuggest)
– Dynamical queries• allows some forms with no "Submit" button
• or allows to pre-filter results before submitting
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Sourcewww.trivop.com
Sourcewww.darty.com/nav/achat/telephonie/telephonie_mobile/telephone_portable/guide.html(site design has changed)
RICH USER INTERACTION (SUMMARY)
• Graphical design– To increase intuitivity– To create emotions– Emotions increase perceived usability
• See Don Norman last book "Emotional Design"
• Requires multi-disciplinary teams – User experience (interaction) designer– Visual designer, Motion designer– Developers– etc
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(video on youTube)
MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009
PART 2
Iterative Design and Supportive
Technologies
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
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Reprinted from "Sketching User Experiences" (Buxton, 2007)
ITERATIVE DESIGN
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CLOSE TO AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
• Agile Manigesto (source agilemanifesto.org)– Individuals and interactions over processes and tools – Working software over comprehensive documentation – Customer collaboration over contract negotiation – Responding to change over following a plan
• See also Extreme Programming• Web version
– the permanent Beta
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EXAMPLES
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Source: Nielsen
Source: Hiser
Source: Alex Poole
CLASSICAL DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
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Users
SketchesStoryboardWireframesIA diagrams
Pro
gram
me
rs
Interaction,Visual,Motion,…Designers
ExecutableCode
BrowserPluginRuntime Env.
Feedback loop
How to increase the number of iterations ?
MODEL DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
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Users
SketchesStoryboardWireframesIA diagrams Programmers
Interaction,Visual,Motion,…Designers
Graphical modelsAnimation modelsOther models…
XML
Browser, PluginRuntime Env.
Executable code
HOW TO EDIT A MODEL ?
• Specialized editors – Example for graphics: Adobe illustrator
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SVG File
A SHORT EXAMPLE
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Interaction Designer
Visual Designer
Programmer:+ Javascript
Graphical ModelFile(s)
Example from Adobe dev web site
ADDING MORE MODELS….
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Interaction Designer
Visual Designer
Graphical Model
Behavior Modelling with State Machines
Finite State Machine Models
MODEL DRIVEN SUMMARY
• Models– Specialized editors– Easy to move from
one platform to another
• Code– Programming skills– Hard to maintain– Less portable
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Models
Models(XML)
CodeCode
MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009
PART 3
Web Standards for Graphical Design:
SVG and alike
W3C STANDARDS (1)
• Mainly "Models" – XML based languages– From "Draft" to "Recommendation" status– Models both for output and input modalities– HTML, XHTML, XForms, SMIL, MathML, VoiceXML, SCXML, InkML,
EMMA, …, and SVG• Some "Code" too
– Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)– DOM (3 levels)
• API for manipulating models loaded into memory as trees• Many more APIs (events, load and save, progression, etc.)
– XMLHttpRequest• Ajax programming
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WEB STANDARDS AND MDA
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Markup Only
Code Behind
Markup Behind Code Only
XML
XML
ImperativeProg. Lang.
Imperative Prog. Lang.
Definition of Interactive ComponentsInstantiation
of Intera
ctive C
omp
one
nts
Today Web applications
Future of applications
Today Desktop applications
W3C AND RICH USER INTERACTION
32
(*) simplified with specialized toolkits (scriptaculous, jQuery, etc)
Characteristics Standard solution
Better graphics SVG or CSS3 (with HTML)
Animation SMIL/SVG animation module
DOM Manipulation with Javascript(*)
Creative layout SVG or CSS (with HTML)
DOM Manipulation with Javascript(*)
Better feedback time XMLHttpRequest
Cross domain XHR
Borrowing from other styles All of the above
SVG HISTORY
• Scalable Vector Graphic• Started in 1998• 1st draft: February 1999• SVG 1.1 recommendation 2003
– http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/
• SVG 1.2 Tiny candidate recommendation 2006– http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile12/– SVG 1.2 Full to come later
• Working Group with main software editors– Sun, Adobe, Apple, Microsoft, Corel, Ilog, HP, Canon, Autodesk, etc.
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SVG VS. FLASH
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Property SWF SVG
XML - Std W3C No Yes
Metadata Yes, propietary Yes, RDF compatible
Format Binary Text
Size < SVG > SWF : but can be compressed with gzip
by about 80% (*)
Runtime Plugin (200K) Native (Opera, Safari, Firefox, …)
Source No Yes (text is searchable and selectable)
Audio/Video Yes Yes (SVG 1.2 Tiny)
(*) see http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/minimize.html
AUTHORING TOOLS
• Graphical Editors– Sodipodi, Illustrator, Corel Draw, OmniGraffle Pro, …
• Specialized Editors– Ikivo Animator : animations
• Automatic generation – Client-side Javascript generation
• Example from http://www.destatis.de/
– Client or server size XSLT generation• demo from www.treebuilder.de/default.asp?file=250484.xml
• Automatic conversion from/to other formats– From MathML, AutoCAD, Visio, etc.– To PDF, PNG, etc.
• Manual authoring :)
35
PLAYERS
• Adobe to stop its plugin support in 2009…– Adobe is switching to Flash/AIR
• … but becoming native in Web browsers– Opera, Safari, Firefox, …– open source rendering libraries (Cairo)
• Not directly available in IE…– Microsoft is switching to XAML/WVG with silverlight plugin
• Standalone players– Batik (Java) - contains a useful utility to generate SVG fonts
• SVG Tiny 1.2 on mobile phones– www.bitflash.com/mobile_primer.html– www.ikivo.com/02player_svg.html– And more…
• See list of implementations www.svgi.org/
36
DRAWING BASIC SHAPES
• Shapes– Rectangles <rect> – Cercles <circle>– Ellipses <ellipse> – Lines <line>– Polylines <polyline>– Polygons <polygon> – Text <text>
37
• Attributes– x, y, width, height, rx, ry– fill, stroke, stroke-
linecap, stroke-linejoin, stroke-miterlimit, stroke-width, …
– opacity, stroke-opacity, fill-opacity
– ...
<rect x="200" y="300" width="90" height="40” fill="lime" stroke="blue" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-width="3"/>
DRAWING ARBITRARY SHAPES
• Path <path d="path data" >– outline of a shape which can be filled, stroked, used as a clipping path – defined by connected lignes, arcs and curves.
• Base attribute– "path data" : complex vocabulary – "," and EOL are allowed in "path data", spaces are optional between a
command and a number (to compress data)
38
<path d="M 100 100 L 300 100 L 200 300 z"
fill="red" stroke="blue" stroke-width="1" />
PATH DATA VOCABULARY• Each command is named by a letter (M: moveto L: lineto, etc.) followed by a
coordinate, either– Absolute if capital (e.g. "M")– Relative to the previous point if lowercase (e.g. "m")
• M and m:– Move the point to the given coordinate– Create a new sub-path starting at the origin– Syntax: M|m (x y) (x y)*– The second group (x y)* is interpreted as lineto commands– Ex: M100 100 200 200
• L and l:– Draw a line from the current point to the given coordinate and draw lines between
subsequent given points– Syntax: L|l (x y) (x y)*
• H and h (V and v):– Draw a horizontal line (vertical) from the current point to the current point incremented with
the given number– Syntax: H|h (x) et V|v (y)
• Z and z:– Close current subpath with the last point defined with M|m
39
M 100,100
L 200, 200
x
Cur point
MORE PATH DATA VOCABULARY
40
Command Args (can be repeated)+ Description
A, a rx ry x-axis-rotation direction sweep x y
Elliptical arc
C, c x1 y1 x2 y2 x y Cubic Bézier curve from current point to x y with control points x1 y2 and x2 y2
S, s x2 y2 x y Cubic Bézier curve with control point as the reflection of the reflection of second control point of a C, c command
Q, q x1 y1 x y Quadratic Bézier curve from current point to x y with control point x1 y1
T, t x y Quadratic Bézier curve with control point as the reflection of previous control point of a Q, q command
See details on http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html
DEFINING REUSABLE GRAPHICAL COMPONENTS
• Definition of a component– Group element: <g id="name">– Container element for grouping graphics elements– Can be nested– Its attributes are inherited by its descendants
• Instantiation of a component– <use xlink:href="#name"/>
41
<g id="shape" stroke="blue"> <path width="1cm" d="M 0 50 35 25 70 50 Z" stroke-width="0.1cm" fill="none"/> <rect x="10" y="50" width="50" height="1cm" stroke-width="0.1cm"/> </g><use xlink:href="#shape" x="140" y="20"/><use xlink:href="#shape" x="70" y="60"/>
DECLARING GRAPHICAL COMPONENTS WITHOUT DRAWING THEM
• Everything that appears in a <defs> section will not be drawn– It will be available to be reused in other parts– This is a way to group resources (at the beginning of the file)
42
<defs> <g id="shape" stroke="blue"> <path width="1cm" d="M 0 50 35 25 70 50 Z" stroke-width="0.1cm" fill="none"/> <rect x="10" y="50" width="50" height="1cm" stroke-width="0.1cm"/> </g></defs><use xlink:href="#shape" x="140" y="20"/><use xlink:href="#shape" x="70" y="60"/>
POSITIONING GRAPHICS
• Most elements can be positioned with x and y within their parent container
• Groups <g> are also used to apply transformations– <g transform="translate(x,y)">– Other transformations include rotate, skewX|Y, scale and matrix– This is equivalent to associating a transformation matrix with each group
<g> (and to redefine a new coordinate system for the descendants)• Transformation are cumulative in nested groups
– Current transformation matrix at each <g>– Obtained as the product of all transformation matrices up to the parent
<g>
43
<g transform="rotate(20, 200, 300)"> <rect x="200" y="300" width="90" height="40" fill="lime" stroke="blue" stroke-width="3"/></g>
PAINTING AND COLORING
• Colors applies with different attributes to– Strokes (attribute "stroke")– Shapes interior (attribute "fill")
• Colors are rendered by a paint server– The attribute URI reference selects a paint server– Solid colors (e.g. "orange" or "#50A619")– Gradients or Patterns (e.g. "url(#myGradient)")
44
<defs> <linearGradient id="Gradient01"> <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#39F" /> <stop offset="90%" stop-color="#F3F" /> </linearGradient> </defs><rect x="200" y="300" width="90" height="40” fill="url(#Gradient01)" stroke="blue” stroke-width="3"/>
CLIPPING
• clipPath element– any path, text or basic
shape– defines an outline with
inside/outside
• clip-path attribute– attach clipPath to an
element
45
Clip layerNot visible
Contentlayer
Result
<clipPath id="visContent"> <text x="0" y="80" font-family="Verdana" font-size="70" fill="blue" >Media</text> </clipPath> <g clip-path="url(#visContent)"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="200" height="100" fill="url(#grad)"/> </g>
MASKING
• Masking– Attribute
• mask="url(#mask)"– Draw #mask in an offscreen
buffer– Convert it to gray level
image– Composite with the masked
layer
46
Layer1
Layer2Masked by Layer3
Result
Layer3MaskNot visible
<g mask="url(#Mask)"> <use xlink:href="#logo" transform="scale(1 -1"/></g>
ANIMATING GRAPHICS (1)
• Each graphical attribute can be animated– animate element– Animation description based on SMIL2 (Synchronized Multimedia
Integration Language level 2), W3C: http://www.w3.org/TR/smil20/
• Animation describing– Trajectory
• Attribute value variation
– Pace• Time variation to produce effects such as slow-in
47
<rect x="10" y="10" width="200" height="20"> <animate attributeName="width" attributeType="XML" from="200" to="20" begin="0s" dur="5s" fill="freeze" /> </rect>
ANIMATING GRAPHICS (2)
• Other types of animation– Animation along a path (motion tweening)
• animateMotion– Special instruction for color animation
• animateColor
• More advanced animation can be built with more programming (e.g. Morphing)– Exemple: Dragicevic, Artistic Resizing (UIST, 2005)
48
METADATA
• Images can be describe with – <desc>
• Can contain any RDF data– <title>
• Standard element to give a title
• This can be useful for – Accessibility (screen readers, …)– Indexing image file (do not forget it's text files)
• SVG 1.2 also introduces attributes for RDFa & microformats
49
<g> <title> Company sales by region </title> <desc> This is a bar chart which shows company sales by region. </desc> <!-- Bar chart defined as vector data --> </g>
HOW TO USE SVG
• Within an SVG document (.svg : image/svg+xml)– You can nest several SVG fragments / views inside an SVG document– This is a way to define "elastic" layouts
• Apply % values to x, y and width, height attributes
– Don't forget viewBox attribute to scale to fit
• Within an HTML document– By reference with <embed>, <object>, <iframe> or <img> tags– See www.carto.net/papers/svg/samples/svg_html.shtml
• Within an XHTML document (.xhtml : text/xhtml+xml)– Using the namespace inclusion mechanism– Must be parsed as XML by the browser– For a local file ".xhtml" is a way to force it
50
EXTRA FEATURES
• Pixel filters • Markers• Glyphs• Text along a path• Adding Interactivity with Javascript Programming
– SVG APIs• SVG DOM API: for scripted interactivity• SVG Micro DOM (for SVG 1.2 Tiny)
• Much more … explore by yourself – Mozilla SVG home: developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/SVG– Lot of fascinating examples: www.treebuilder.de/– SVG-Wiki: wiki.svg.org/– W3C SVG Home: www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/
51
52
X11
1987 1992 1994 2002 2004
ShockwaveHTML HTML 4.0
Flash/SWF
X-HTMLSVG
Javascript DOM
XMLHttpRequest Ajax
CSS
IFrame
1990 1996 1998 2000 2006
OpenGL
Direct 3D OpenGL2.0
Mosaic NetscapeIE
FirefoxKonfabulator AIR
Silverlight
XAMLFlex/MXMLXUL
WVG
CONCLUSION: RIA STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGIES
CREDITSWeb sources indicated directly on the slides, otherwise (many thanks to them):
Illustrationsp7 CENA Digistrip www.tls.cena.fr/divisions/PII/toccata/composants/digistrips.html
Demosp10 SVG Slot Machine – www.treebuilder.de
p30 Adobe Airbus A321 Panel demo – www.adobe.com/svg/demos/main.html
BookSketching User Experience, Bill Buxton, Morgan Kaufman by Elsevier inc. 2007 – www.billbuxton.com
Article
Combining SVG and models of interaction to build highly interactive user interfaces,
S. Chatty, A. Lemort, S. Sire, J-L. Vinot, SVGOpen 2005 – www.svgopen.org/2005/papers/CombiningSVGModelsBuildInteractiveUserInterfaces/
MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009
EXTRA SLIDES
54
COMPLETE SVG FILE EXAMPLE
55
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg [ <!-- entities etc. here --> ]><svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="8cm" height="6cm"> <defs> <!-- resources to be reused --> <linearGradient id="Gradient01"> <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#39F" /> <stop offset="90%" stop-color="#F3F" /> </linearGradient> <rect id="shape" width="1cm" height="1cm" stroke="blue" stroke-width="0.1cm"/> </defs> <!-- content --> <rect x=".1cm" y=".1cm" width="7.9cm" height="5.9cm" fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="1px" /> <use x="1cm" y="1cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="#BBB"/> <use x="4cm" y="1cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="url(#Gradient01)"/> <use x="1cm" y="4cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="url(#Gradient01)"/> <use x="4cm" y="4cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="blue"/> </svg>