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RFID is a tracking device mostly used in retail products and in some countries it is also used at toll gates. This presentation tells you some basics, history of emergence of RFID and its uses.
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RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
CREATED BY :-MD Tajammul NawazMD Fahad RizwanFaisal Feroz Khan
RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION RFID is the use of an object applied
to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves .
Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.
Most RFID tags contain at least two parts. One is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized functions.
The second is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.
HISTORY In 1946 Léon Theremin invented
an espionage tool for the Soviet Union which retransmitted incident radio waves with audio information. Sound waves vibrated a diaphragm which slightly altered the shape of the resonator, which modulated the reflected radio frequency.
The technology used in RFID has been around since the early 1920’s according to one
source .
TYPES OF RFID
Active RFID
which contain a battery and thus can transmit its signal autonomously. Passive RFID which have no battery and require an external source to initiate signal transmission. Today, RFID is used in enterprise supply
chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management
MINIATURIZATION HITACHI hold the record for smallest
RFID at 150 x 150 x 7.5 microns -- manufacture enabled by using the Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) process manufacturing.
This "dust" sized chips can store 38-digit numbers using 128-bit Read Only Memory (ROM).
A major challenge is the attachment of the antennae.
CURRENT USES
PASSPORTS Countries that put RFID in
passports include Norway, Ireland (2006), Japan (March 1, 2006),Germany, Portugal, Poland, Hungary (2006), Spain (August 2006), The United Kingdom, Australia and the United States (2007), Serbia (July 2008), Republic of Korea (August 2008).
The first RFID passports ("E-passport") were issued by Malaysia in 1998.
CURRENT USES
An Electronic Road Pricing gantry in Singapore. Gantries such as these collect tolls in high-traffic areas from active RFID units in vehicles.
RFID is being used for E - Tolling in Motorways, Pakistan, Implemented by NADRA
TRANSPORTATION PAYMENTS
CURRENT USES Animal identification RFID has become crucial in animal identification
management. An implantable RFID tag or transponder can also be used for animal identification. The transponders are more well-known as passive RFID technology, or "chips" on animals. The Canadian Cattle Identification Agency began using RFID.
Inventory systems An advanced automatic identification
technology such as the Auto-ID system based on the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has significant value for inventory systems.
HUMAN IMPLANTS Hand with the planned
location of the RFID chip Just after the operation
to insert the RFID tag was completed.
An early experiment with RFID implants was conducted by British professor of cybernetics Kevin Warwick, who implanted a chip in his arm in 1998.
In 2004, the Mexican Attorney General's office implanted 18 of its staff members with the Verichip to control access to a secure data room .
LIBRARIES
RFID tags used in libraries: square book tag, round CD/DVD tag and rectangular VHS tag.
The RFID tag can contain identifying information, such as a book's title or material type, without having to be pointed to a separate database (but this is rare in North America).
REPLACING BARCODES
RFID tags are often a replacement for UPC or EAN barcodes, having a number of important advantages over the older barcode technology.
They may not ever completely replace barcodes, due in part to their higher cost and the advantage of multiple data sources on the same object.
The storage of data associated with tracking items will require many terabytes
PROBLEMS AND CONCERNS
Global standardization
Security concerns
Passports
CONTROVERSIES
Logo of the anti-RFID campaign by German privacy group FoeBuD
Richard Stallman at WSIS 2005 presenting his RFID badge wrapped with alumunium foil as a way of protesting RFID privacy issues.
CONTROVERSIES PRIVACY
The use of RFID technology has engendered considerable
controversy and even product boycotts by consumer privacy advocates.
HUMAN IMPLANTATION
The Baja Beach nightclub in Barcelona. This has provoked
concerns into privacy of individuals as they can potentially
be tracked wherever they go by an identifier unique to
them. On July 22, 2006, Reuters reported that two
hackers, Newitz and Westhues, at a conference in New York
City showed that they could clone the RFID signal from a human implanted RFID chip, showing that the chip
is not hack-proof as was previously told.
Thank You
/FaisalFerozKhan
