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Title: Reflecting the Future e-Content Development Evolution in Higher Education URL: http://breeze.unitarklj1.edu.my/future/ (Breeze version) The actual presentation was presented on the 9th December (2005) during an ASEAN e-Learning Seminar at Sunway Lagoon Resort, Malaysia
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© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Different “Modes of Learning” Different “Modes of Learning” EffectivenessEffectiveness
What we read - 10%
What we hear - 20%
What we see - 30%
What we see/hear - 50%
What we discuss with others - 70%
What we experience - 80%
What we teach someone else - 95% - William Glasser
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Most Effective Mode of Learning?Most Effective Mode of Learning?
TeacherTeacher
StudentStudent
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
PAST PAST Dissemination + Lecture ParadigmDissemination + Lecture Paradigm
Bla, Bla, Bla…..
What should I What should I have for lunch have for lunch
today?today?
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
PRESENTPRESENTInteractivity + Content ParadigmInteractivity + Content Paradigm
They call it student-centred student-centred
learninglearning, but who said I
wanted to learn from a not so
intelligent green blob!
#$%@*#!!#$!*!!@!@!
$*$#*$()!@#$%!
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
FUTUREFUTUREEmpowerment + Learning ParadigmEmpowerment + Learning Paradigm
COURSECOURSEPLANPLAN
• ExplorationExploration• DiscoveryDiscovery• EngagementEngagement• DiscussionDiscussion• FeedbackFeedback• ReflectionReflection• ConnectionConnection• IntegrationIntegration• DevelopmentDevelopment
• ExplorationExploration• DiscoveryDiscovery• EngagementEngagement• DiscussionDiscussion• FeedbackFeedback• ReflectionReflection• ConnectionConnection• IntegrationIntegration• DevelopmentDevelopment
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
ContentsContents
What is e-Content?
Major Challenges in e-Content Development– Tools?– Content?– Infrastructure? (not discussed here)– Us?
2 Learning Theories for the Digital Age
Key Ingredients of Effective e-Content
Future e-Content Development Model?
Conclusion
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
What is e-Content?What is e-Content?
““Any digitized contentAny digitized content that can that can facilitate the learning process facilitate the learning process
and/or learning outcome.and/or learning outcome.””
I have not failed. I’ve found 10,000
ways that won’t work.
Thomas Edison
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
e-Learning Challenge: Tools?e-Learning Challenge: Tools?
A few options:
In-house tools development team
Outsource development
Buy of-the-shelf tools
Subscribe (to a service provider)
Or simply use available ….Or simply use available ….
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Free e-Learning Tools?Free e-Learning Tools?
LMS
CMS
Groupware
Wikis
Digital Library
LCMSRSS
E-Portfolio
Survey
LO Repository
Operating SystemBlogs
Forum
Authoring
Web-Conferencing
VoIP
Chat
Atom
OPML
Aggregators
Social Bookmarking
Social Networking
Podcasting
File Sharing
Instant Messaging
Screencasting
UNESCO Free Software Portal: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/portal_freesoft/Software/
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Scott Wilson’s visual vision of the future Scott Wilson’s visual vision of the future Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)
URL: http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/blogview?entry=20050125170206
The Future VLEThe Future VLE
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Future Scenario: What if Google…?Future Scenario: What if Google…?
Integrates its existing tools to create an amazing Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), which is available for free to all?
Collaborates with Sakai, Moodle & LAMS to provide free hosting (up to 1 Terabyte) and technical support to less fortunate educational institutions around the world?
Simply buys Blackboard or a company that owns a fantastic LMS or VLE and makes it freely available and provides free hosting (up to 1 Terabyte) to less fortunate educational institutions around the world (Why not all!)?
What if Yahoo Groups is enhanced and Yahoo does it before Google? What about MSN?
I would not be surprised if something like this happens
before 2007!
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
e-Learning Challenge: Content?e-Learning Challenge: Content?
A few options:
In-house content development team
Develop ourselves (e.g. Breeze)
Outsource development
Buy of-the-shelf content
Subscribe (to databases, LO repositories, etc)
Or simply use available ….Or simply use available ….
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Free e-Content? Free e-Content?
MERLOTMERLOTMIT OCWMIT OCW
OLIOLIConnexionsConnexions
UT OCWUT OCW
CAREOCAREOSOFIASOFIA
Stanford on iTunesStanford on iTunes
Tufts OCWTufts OCWUSU OCWUSU OCW
CLOECLOE
DLORNDLORN
ARIADNEARIADNE
eGranary Digital LibraryeGranary Digital Library WikipediaWikipedia
e-Leee-Lee
Gutenberg ProjectGutenberg Project
Fathom ArchiveFathom Archive
Harvey Project Harvey Project ICONEXICONEX
Lydia Global RepositoryLydia Global Repository
OOPSOOPS
World Lecture HallWorld Lecture Hall
WebJunctionWebJunction
CORECORE
PEOIPEOI
ICTdev LibraryICTdev Library JHSPH OCWJHSPH OCW
OAISTEROAISTER
SciQSciQ
W3SchoolsW3Schools
VCILTVCILT
Open Courseware Laboratory Open Courseware Laboratory
URL: http://www.ictlogy.net/ictlogy/articles/ismael_pena_elearning_for_development.pdf
RDNRDN
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Challenges using “Free e-Content”Challenges using “Free e-Content”
“Open Educational Resources (OER)Open Educational Resources (OER)” (Common term)
A few important issues:
Finding relevant content
Language translation
Integrating content from various resources
Instructional design
Ensuring quality
Managing externally linked content (lack of control, broken links, etc.)
Copyrights (e.g. Creative Commons)
Commercialization?
How doHow do WEWE integrateintegrate OEROER EFFICIENTLYEFFICIENTLY andand EFFECTIVELYEFFECTIVELY into a course?into a course?
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
e-Learning Challenge: Us?e-Learning Challenge: Us?
How do we prepare students for the CREATIVE CREATIVE
ECONOMYECONOMY, which is driven by innovative IDEASIDEAS?
How do we prepare students for the CREATIVE CREATIVE
ECONOMYECONOMY, which is driven by innovative IDEASIDEAS?
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
2 Learning Theories For the Digital Age2 Learning Theories For the Digital Age
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Heutagogy Heutagogy
PedagogyPedagogy
Teacher-oriented
Adult Learning
AndragogyAndragogy
HeutagogyHeutagogy
- Stewart Hase & Chris Kenyon- Stewart Hase & Chris Kenyon
Self-DeterminedSelf-DeterminedLearningLearning
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
HeutagogyHeutagogy
““The heutagogical approach can encompass The heutagogical approach can encompass informal learning, where the individual informal learning, where the individual person has not identified a learning need but person has not identified a learning need but only the potential to learn from each novel only the potential to learn from each novel experience as a matter of course, experience as a matter of course, recognising the opportunity to act and reflect recognising the opportunity to act and reflect on the action to see how it challenges, on the action to see how it challenges, disconfirms or supports existing values and disconfirms or supports existing values and assumptions”assumptions”
- Hase & Keynon 2000
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Heutagogy – Self-Determined LearningHeutagogy – Self-Determined Learning
Learning how to learn
Nonlinear learning process
Knowledge sharing
Holistic learning
Learner-centred
“…“…the teacher provides resources but the the teacher provides resources but the learner designs the curriculum, not just the learner designs the curriculum, not just the learning process, by negotiating the learning.”learning process, by negotiating the learning.”
URL: http://www.wln.ualberta.ca/papers/pdf/17.pdf
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Connectivism Connectivism
““A learning theory that seeks to detail how A learning theory that seeks to detail how learning happens in complex environments, learning happens in complex environments,
influenced through new social dynamics, and influenced through new social dynamics, and supported by new technologies.”supported by new technologies.”
URL: http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections
- George Siemens- George Siemens
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Connectivism - 8 Learning Principles
1.Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions.
2.Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources.
3.Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
4.Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known.
URL: http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Connectivism - 8 Learning Principles (2)
5. Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to facilitate continual learning.
6. Ability to see connections and patterns between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill.
7. Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is the most critical function in a knowledge economy.
8. Decision-making is itself a learning process.
URL: http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
URL: http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Key Ingredients of Effective e-ContentUsing Roger Schank’s (2002) seven (7) criteria for assessing the
effectiveness of an e-learning course:
CRITERIA Description Tips
FFailure Enable failures that surprise the student.
Include challenging games, simulations, exercises, assignments and quizzes.
RReasoning Encourage practice in reasoning.
Use forums, chat, podcasting, video recording, screencasting, blogs & wikis
Emotionality Evoke emotional reactions (feelings) in the student.
Include emotionally evoking relevant stories that are preferably real.
Exploration Promote exploration, curiosity and enable inquiry.
Promote web quests, aggregators, social bookmarking, e-portfolio & groupware.
Doing Encourage practice in doing. We learn so that we can do.
Utilize multi-mode gaming/simulation, virtual labs, or the real thing (if possible).
Observation Allow students to see things for themselves.
Observe the real thing/world if possible. If not use the virtual alternative.
Motivation Supply or build upon existing motivation.
Make it relevant, interesting & enjoyable. Simply ask the students what motivates them.
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Future e-Content Development Model?Future e-Content Development Model?
DevelopmentDevelopment
ExplorationExploration
DiscoveryDiscovery
EngagementEngagement
DiscussionDiscussion
ReflectionReflection
ConnectionConnection
IntegrationIntegration
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
ConclusionConclusion By 20102010 most e-content in higher education will be explored
discovered, engaged, discussed, reflected, connected, integrated and developed by empowered students.
By 20102010 most e-content in higher education will be explored
discovered, engaged, discussed, reflected, connected, integrated and developed by empowered students.
WOW!WOW!
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Thanks!Thanks!
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
ReferencesReferencesOnline Resources
Brogan, P.(2003). “Using the web for interactive teaching and learning” . URL: http://www.ced.ntu.edu.sg/acedemia/vol_1/06/whitepaper_interactive.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]Hase, S. (2003). “Heutagogy and Developing Capable People and Capable Workplaces: Strategies for Dealing with Complexity”. URL: http://www.wln.ualberta.ca/papers/pdf/17.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]
Kenyon, C. & Hase, S. (2001) . “Moving from andragogy to heutagogy in vocational education”. URL: http://www.avetra.org.au/abstracts_and_papers_2001/Hase-Kenyon_full.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]
Peña López, Ismael. (2005) “e-Learning for Development: a model”. URL: http://www.ictlogy.net/ictlogy/articles/ismael_pena_elearning_for_development.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]
Wilson, S. (2005). “Future VLE - The Visual Version” . URL: http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/blogview?entry=20050125170206 [cited 21/11/2005]
Social Impact Games (+500): http://www.socialimpactgames.com/index.php
Siemens, G. (2005). “Connectivism: Learning in a Digital Age” http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections [cited 21/11/2005]
UNESCO Free Software Portal: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/portal_freesoft/Software/
BooksChapnick, S. & Meloy (2005). “Renaissance eLearning: Creating Dramatic and Unconventional Learning Experiences” . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pfeiffer.
Schank, R.C. (2005). “Lessons in Learning, e-Learning and Training”. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pfeiffer.
Schank, R.C. (2002). “Designing World Class e-Learning”. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons
Contact DetailsContact Details
Zaid Ali AlsagoffZaid Ali Alsagoff
Learning & Teaching Unit Quality Assurance Department
UNIVERSITI TUN ABDUL RAZAK 16-5, Jalan SS 6/1247301 Kelana Jaya
Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: 603-7627 7238 Fax: 603-7627 7246