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Internet radio
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Internet radio
Samantha Iyer
What is it?
Internet radio is an audio broadcasting service on the Internet.
You may have also heard of it as: web radio, net radio, streaming radio, e-radio
Simply put, it is radio on the Internet!
... What it is
• Internet radio is of two kinds:o Internet onlyo Associated with traditional (terrestrial) radio stations
• How is it different from other streaming services?Like traditional radio, Internet radio is very different from:o 'On-demand' file serving and Podcasting: Here, you
download instead of stream • Advantages & Disdavantages:
Internet radio involves streaming, which means that listeners have a continuous 'stream' of audio. But, they have no control over the content being broadcast.
But why use Internet radio?
• What you listen to does not occupy space on your hard drive
• Convenience in terms of access - anywhere, anytime• Internet radio has no geographic limitations• Unlike traditional radio, Internet radio is not limited to audio. • The cost of getting “on the air” is less for an Internet
broadcaster • Internet radio can appeal to niche listeners
But, with such awesome-ness, comes great resposibility - to the people and the government.
Availability• Worldwide• Anywhere, anytime
You can even make your own radio station online:
... Availability
• But, there are catches:o Some sites are available only for users in specific
countrieso Problems with regard to device connected to the Interneto Free vs. pay for access models
Why is it so popular?
So what exactly makes people flock to online radio stations?
• Internet proliferation• Increased 3G coverage and sales of Internet capable
phones
Internet Radio Proliferation
• More than 8 in 10 Americans are online from any location• Weekly Internet Radio audience increased 50% from 2005• At-work streaming increased an average of 43% each year
from 2000 to 2005• Radio web site visitors are highly loyal, with two-thirds of
station web site visitors visiting weekly, and nearly a quarter visiting daily
• 41% visited a website due to an ad• 57% of weekly internet radio users reported listening while
purchasing goods at a website
Source: Arbitron Inc./Edison Media Research, 2006
2008 World Internet Users and Population Stats Source: Neilsen Online, December 31, 2008
Repercussions
• Copyright Issues: Open source software like FreeMusicZilla will extend the problem with P2P and streaming
• Business implicationso Tie ups with cellular service providerso MP3/MP4 audio manufacturers o More people responding to ads that are relevant to them
Major Internet Radio Stations
www.imeem.com
www.pandora.com www.last.fm
Others include www.music.yahoo.com, www.shoutcast.com
Pandora
• Music Genome Project "Since we started back in 2000, we've carefully listened to the songs of tens of thousands of different artists - ranging from popular to obscure - and analyzed the musical qualities of each song one attribute at a time. This work continues each and every day as we endeavor to include all the great new stuff coming out of studios, clubs and garages around the world."
• Is also available as an application on phones with 3G coverage
• Great intuitive software• Excellent audio quality
Pandora's Features
• Its free!• Easy to use and register• Good user interface• Thumbs up/down button allows the user to rate selections• Very few advertisements • The recommendation algorithm is great• You can share stations with your friends• You cannot make playlists• No option to search for songs/artists• There is no guarantee that you will hear a specific song
again unless you bookmark it
Imeem
• Its free!• Good user interface• Music for Android-supporting phones• You can make your own playlists and share them with
friends• You can access your friends' playlists and also see what
they have been listening to• Unlike Facebook and other social networking sites, Imeem
does not show friends' news feeds • It allows you to search for music/artists• You can upload your own audio files• The recommendation algorithm is not that advanced
Lastfm.com
• It has a great music recommendation system called the 'Audioscrobbler.'
• Good user interface• It is a stand-alone, small software that you download to your
computer • You can add songs to a playlist, but may not be able to play
the whole song• It only recommends the station where the song is playing• You can love/ban artists• Users can create custom radio stations and playlists from
any of the audio tracks in Last.fm's music library• It has very high quality sound• These recommendations are very genre-specific and
relevant to the user
Internet Radio Timeline
Source: Penn State University
Long story short:
Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP) • Determines appropriate royalty rates, methods how those
rates are enforced and how the royalties are distributed • Makes decisions for specific types of copyrighted media like
radio, cable TV and digital audio The Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004 replaced CARP with the Copyright Royalty Board
Copyright Royalty Board (CRB)
• Judges are appointed to serve staggered six year terms • Evaluates circumstances of royalty rates for copyrighted
materials • Sets appropriate rates according to US law • Is responsible for the increase of royalty rates for internet
radio
This increase called for the proposal of the Internet Radio Equality Act
Internet Radio Equality Act
• Introduced to the Senate on May 10 2007 to decrease royalty rates
The legislation appears to have been abandoned in committee, as of July 19, 2008
• The old royalty rate of $.000768 per song is set to increase incrementally until the rate reaches $.0019 by the year 2010
Controversies
Traditional radio broadcasters pay only publishing royalties and no performance royalties.
October 1998: US Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Results: Performance royalties are to be paid for satellite and Internet radio broadcasts in addition to publishing royaltiesJune 26, 2007: Day of SilenceMany US Internet broadcasters shut off their audio streams or streamed ambient sound, sometimes interspersed with brief public service announcements.
Questions?