BYALOK MISHRA

13CE01040

PVC-Poly(Vinyl Chloride)Poly(vinyl chloride), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third-most widely produced plastic,

after polyethylene and polypropylene.PVC is used in construction because it is more effective than traditional materials such as copper, iron or wood in pipe and profile applications. It can be made softer and more flexible

by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates.

Only this much is not the introduction……….

PVC was accidentally discovered at least twice in the 19th century,

first in 1835 by French chemist Henri Victor Regnault and

then in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann . On both

occasions the polymer appeared as a white solid inside flasks of vinyl chloride that had been left exposed to sunlight. In the early 20th

century the Russian chemist Ivan Ostromislensky and Fritz Klatte of the German chemical company Griesheim-Elektron both

attempted to use PVC in commercial products, but difficulties in processing the rigid, sometimes brittle polymer blocked their efforts. Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method in 1926 to plasticize PVC by blending it with various additives.

Physical Properties of PVC

PROPERTY RIGID PVC FLEXIBLE PVC

Density(g/cm^3) 1.3–1.45 1.1–1.35

Thermal conductivity(W/(m-K)) 0.14–0.28 0.14–0.17

Yield strength(psi) 4500 - 8700 1450 - 3600

Young’s modulus(psi) 490,000

Flexural strength(yield)(psi) 10,500

Compression strength(psi) 9500

Coefficient of thermal expansion(/°C)

5×10−5

Resistivity [Ω m] 1016 1012–1015

Surface resistivity [Ω] 1013–1014 1011–1012

Mechanical properties

• PVC has high hardness and mechanical properties.

• The mechanical properties enhance with the molecular weight increasing, but decrease with the temperature increasing.

• The elastic modulus can reach to 1500-3,000 MPa.

• The soft PVC (Flexible PVC) elastic is 1.5-15 MPa. However, elongation at break is up to 200% -450%. PVC friction is ordinary, the static friction factor is 0.4-0.5, the dynamic friction factor is 0.23.

Mechanical properties• Creep Modulus For PVC, the modulus or stress/strain relationship must

be considered in the context of the rate or duration of loading and the temperature.

• Plastics generally show excellent performance under abrasive conditions.Abrasion Resistance

Thermal properties• The heat stability of PVC is very poor, when the

temperature reaches 140 °C PVC starts to decompose.

• Its melting temperature is 160 °C. • The linear expansion coefficient of the PVC is small

and has flame retardancy, the oxidation index is up to 45 or more.

• Therefore, the addition of a heat stabilizer during the process is necessary in order to ensure the product's properties.

Electrical properties

• PVC is a polymer with good insulation properties but because of its higher polar nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non polar polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene.

• As the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent value and volume resistivity are high, the corona resistance is not very good, it is generally suitable for medium or low voltage and low frequency insulation materials.

Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (uPVC) for construction

$ Flooring$ Pipes$ Covering$ CABLE$ window frames$ fascia, and siding or weatherboarding$ AND MANY MORE…

Application near ourselves…

Flooring

• Flexible PVC flooring is inexpensive and used in a variety of buildings covering the home, hospitals, offices, schools, etc.

• Complex and 3D designs are possible due to the prints that can be created which are then protected by a clear wear layer. A middle vinyl foam layer also gives a comfortable and safe feel.

• The smooth, tough surface of the upper wear layer prevents the build up of dirt which prevents microbes from breeding in areas that need to be kept sterile, such as hospitals and clinics.

Benefits of PVC flooring

• Durable

• Freedom of aesthetic effects – available in a wide range of colours and patterns

• Ease of installation, easy to clean

• Easily recyclable

• Variable thickness

Pipes

PVC pipes have been in use for over 60 years. When compared with traditional pipe materials, PVC offers valuable energy savings during production, low cost distribution and a safe, maintenance-free lifetime of service.

PVC pipes will not degrade to damage the environment and suffer fewer breaks / leaks than other alternatives.

PVC is widely specified for pipeline systems for water, waste and drainage due to its a theoretical service life of hundreds of years for buried pipes. PVC pipes suffer no build-up, pitting, scaling or corrosion and provide smooth surfaces reducing energy requirements for pumping.

Covering

• PVC sheets are also used as coverings like the sheds in railway platforms ,air base shed , nurseries made of PVC.

• This is very cost effective as compared to traditional tin shed which are very heavy and have heat absorbent nature .

Use of PVC in LONDON OLYMPICSRecent mass uses of PVC

Applications of PVC in London Olympics

• Tensile fabric structures

• Cables

• Pipes

• High performance sports surfaces and seating

• A very large amount of the PVC used, especially in temporary structures, has been recycled thanks to technologies like Texyloop, which has been developed with the support of Vinyl 2010. Some structures have been completely dismantled and shipped to Brazil where they will be re-used in the football arenas being built for the next FIFA World Cup in 2014.

• Lighter in weight as compared to traditional materials like copper , wood and tin etc.

• Easily available and producible.

• Heat resistant and do not conduct electricity.

• Can be casted to any shape.

• Can be recycled and reused.

• Can be easily shifted from one place to another.

Advantages of PVC

• It is not recommended for use above 343K although it can be taken to 353K for short periods

• Sensitive to UV and oxidative degradation.

• HCl is evolved when it is decomposed.

• Its production causes pollution.

Disadvantages of PVC

Environmental Effect

• The study 'A discussion of some of the scientific issues concerning the use of PVC' (1) by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia concluded in 2000 that PVC in its building and construction applications has no more effect on the environment that its alternatives.

INNOVATIONSInnovative TOPSILENCE flooring from Gerflor is a totally new laminate product that is the quietest on the market. Its secret: a fibre layer of acoustic insulation that absorbs sound! Easy to install, TOPSILENCE laminated fibre provides improved comfort, resilience and realism compared to standard wood laminate flooring

Gerflor Flooring Group (France)TOPSILENCE: The quietestlaminate flooring

WALLCOVERING PUBBLICITA’ srl PentaSystem is an innovative passive safety system for road signage which aims to replace those metal signposts which so often cause serious injury to people and damage to vehicles. PentaSystem consists of a polygonal outer sheath in recycled PVC and an innovative tubular structure containing air or nitrogen, whose function is to absorb energy in the event of a collision, thereby providing road users with greater safety

Molecor Tecnologia S.L. (SPAIN) Honour where honour is due: the SolVin Award Innovation Gold has been accorded to the Spanish company Molecor, for its large PVC-O pipe with a diameter of 630 mm This innovation opens the way for a whole new market in corrosion-resistant PVC pipes, thanks to its dimensions which are 50% bigger than previous generations .http://www.solvayplastics.com/sites/solvayplastics/EN/Solvay%20Plastics%20Literature/Wave26_EN.pdf

Conclusion

• PVC is replacing traditional building materials such as wood, metal, glass, concrete and clay in many applications.Versatility, cost effectiveness and an excellent record of use mean it is the most important polymer for the construction sectorIt is used in drinking water and waste water pipes, window frames, flooring and roofing foils, wall coverings, cables and many other applications. These products are often lighter , less expensive and offer many performance advantages..

• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride• Http://wiki.answers.com• www.pvc.org/• http://www.pvcconstruct.org/en/p/material• https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source

=web&cd=10&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFkQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmts.sustainableproducts.com%2FSMaRT%2FThorntonRevised.pdf&ei=hqYTVZGiH5e3uQSPwoHwBg&usg=AFQjCNHy-rZwVKuTxJmIZ7_0o0O_yofWmg&bvm=bv.89217033,d.c2E

• Google Images• http://www.iom3.org/pvc-innovation-and-design

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