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An Introduction to Software Prototyping Prepared by: Shakir Mushtaq – Quality Assurance Ovex Technologies

Prototyping - Introduction

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Page 1: Prototyping  - Introduction

An Introduction to Software Prototyping

Prepared by:Shakir Mushtaq – Quality AssuranceOvex Technologies

Page 2: Prototyping  - Introduction

What is a PrototypeThe word “Prototype” derives from two

Greek words:

(protos) means "first" and

(typos) means "impression” or “Model”

Primitive Form

Page 3: Prototyping  - Introduction

What is a PrototypeA Series of Screen sketches

A PowerPoint presentationA storyboard i.e. cartoon like series of scenesA mockup of a process or functionalityA video simulating the use of a systemPiece of software with limited or no functionality

Page 4: Prototyping  - Introduction

A mechanism for gaining better understanding of the customer’s needs

Normally a non functional design of a product

Early sample or model built to test a concept / process

Typically done very early in the design process

Can be used throughout the SDLC

What is Software Prototyping

Page 5: Prototyping  - Introduction

Purpose of Software Prototyping

The software designer can get valuable feedback from the users early in the project

You can’t test until you implement so Prototyping sometimes becomes necessity

Helps the developer and the customer to find out and understand the requirements

To assess the set of requirements that makes a product successful in the market

Prototyping can also avoid the great expense and difficulty of changing a finished software product

Delivers “Look and Feel” of the interface

Page 6: Prototyping  - Introduction

Process Model of the Prototyping Approach

Page 7: Prototyping  - Introduction

Dimensions of prototypes

Horizontal prototypeDisplays “breadth” of functionality

Vertical prototypeFull functionality and performance of a “slice” or small part of the system

Page 8: Prototyping  - Introduction

Horizontal prototype

Vertical prototype

(Broad but only on top-level)

(Deep, but some or only one function)

Page 9: Prototyping  - Introduction

Types of prototypingThrowaway prototyping:

Constructed with the idea that it will be discarded and the final system will be built from scratch

After gathering preliminary requirements, a simple working model of the system is constructed to visually show the users what their requirements may look like when they are implemented into a finished system.

Page 10: Prototyping  - Introduction

Evolutionary prototyping:Acknowledges that we do not

understand all the requirements and builds only those that are well understood

Allows the development team to add features, or make changes that couldn't be conceived during the requirements and design phase

1st Level

Page

2nd Level

Page

3rd Level

Page

Page 11: Prototyping  - Introduction

Advantages of PrototypingProvides better system to Users, as users

have natural tendency to change their mind in specifying requirements

The users get a better understanding of the system being developed

Errors can be detected much earlier

Changes cost more to implement as they are detected later in development

The early determination of what the user really wants can result in faster and less expensive software

Page 12: Prototyping  - Introduction

Disadvantages of PrototypingUsing, or perhaps misusing, prototyping can also

have disadvantages:

Insufficient analysis

User confusion of prototype and finished system

Developer misunderstanding of user objectives

Developer attachment to prototype

Excessive development time of the prototype

Expense of implementing prototyping

Page 13: Prototyping  - Introduction

Summary

What is a prototype

What is Software prototyping

Purpose of Software Prototyping

Process Model of Software Prototyping

Dimensions of Software Prototyping

Types of Software Prototyping

Advantages and disadvantages of prototyping

Page 14: Prototyping  - Introduction

Thank you for your

Time!!!