Upload
tengku-puteh-tippi
View
132
Download
5
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Propagation Models & Scenarios:
Hybrid Urban Indoor
© 2012 by AWE Communications GmbH
www.awe-com.com
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 2
Contents
• Overview: Propagation Scenarios
• Scenario: Rural and Suburban
Pixel Databases (Topography and Clutter)
• Scenario: Urban
Vector databases (Buildings) and pixel databases (Topography)
• Scenario: Indoor
Vector databases (Walls, Buildings)
• Combined Network Planning
Hybrid Rural Urban Indoor Scenarios
Pixel and Vector Databases
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 3
Propagation Models
Propagation Scenarios (1/2)
Different types of cells in a cellular network
• Macrocells
• Cell radius > 2 km
• Coverage
• Microcells
• Cell radius < 2 km
• Capacity (hot spots)
• Picocells
• Cell radius < 500 m
• Capacity (hot spots)
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 4
Propagation Models
Propagation Scenarios (2/2)
Macrocell
Microcell
Picocell
Database type
Raster data
Vector data
Raster data
Vector data
Database
Topography
Clutter
2.5D building (vector)
Topography (pixel)
3D building
3D indoor objects
Path Loss
Prediction Models
Hata-Okumura
Two Ray
Knife Edge Diffraction
Dominant Path
Knife Edge Diffraction
COST 231 WI
Ray Tracing
Dominant Path
Motley Keenan
COST 231 MW
Ray Tracing
Dominant Path
Radius
r < 30 km
r > 2 km
r < 2000 m
r > 200 m
r < 200 m
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 5
Propagation Models
Propagation Models
• Different types of environments require different propagation models
• Different databases for each propagation model
• Projects based on clutter/topographical data or vector/topographical data
• Empirical and deterministic propagation models available
• CNP used to combine different propagation environments
Types of databases
• Pixel databases (raster data)
• Topography, DEM (Digital Elevation Model)
• Clutter (land usage)
• Vector databases
• Urban Building databases (2.5D databases polygonal cylinders)
• Urban 3D databases (arbitrary roofs)
• Indoor 3D databases
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 6
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Combined Network Planning (CNP): urban indoor
Motivation (1/2)
Modeling whole scenario in indoor
mode?
Computational demand too high
for large scenarios!
• Penetration into buildings
with complex structure inside
• Transmitters located inside buildings
(micro BTS, Repeater, WLAN, …)
interfering with outdoor network
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 7
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Combined Network Planning (CNP): urban indoor
Motivation (2/2)
• Indoor penetration
If transmitter located outdoor indoor walls should be considered
but two environments involved (urban & indoor)
which propagation environment should be used?
• Radiation from indoor transmitters and interference with outdoor environment
If transmitter located indoor (e.g. repeater) the interference with the outdoor environment of interest
but two environments involved (urban & indoor)
which propagation environment should be used?
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 8
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
CNP Prediction: urban indoor
3D Mode
Multiple prediction layers analyzed
Path finding in 3D
Highly accurate
• Combination of urban and indoor
prediction
• Dynamic resolution of results:
Indoor higher resolution than urban
• Automatic adaptation of parameter
settings (path loss exponents,
interaction losses,..) if a transition
between urban and indoor
environment occurs
• Multiple transition from indoor
outdoor indoor are possible to
include e.g. the indoor penetration
into a different building from an
indoor transmitter
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 9
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
CNP Database: urban indoor
• Shape around indoor database (polygonal cylinder)
• Indoor database (with indoor walls and objects) is
imported into urban building database
• Shape of indoor database represents the building when
using the urban propagation model
• Rays are handled by using the Angular Power Delay
Profile (APDP) for the transition between the models
(includes field strength, delay time, angles of incidence)
Allows the prediction of
delay spread and impulse
response
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 10
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
CNP Database: urban indoor
• Urban database (polygonal cylinders) of the surrounding environment can be saved in indoor data format (i.e. as polygonal planar objects) for CNP
database
• Indoor databases (with walls inside buildings) can be imported into the urban database to substitute selected shapes of buildings by their indoor structure
• The resulting database is saved as urban database and the project is also handled as urban propagation project (incl. the (indoor walls of selected buildings)
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 11
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
CNP Prediction: urban indoor
• Rays in urban scenario reaching the shape of the indoor database are followed in the other environment with the corresponding propagation model
• Multiple transition from indoor outdoor indoor are possible to include e.g. the indoor penetration into a different building from an indoor transmitter
• Transition COST 231 WI COST 231 MW is possible
• Transition Urban Dominant Path Indoor Dominant Path is possible
• Transition IRT Urban COST 231 MW is possible
• Transition IRT Indoor IRT Urban is possible
• Handled in urban project
• If indoor walls at a building are detected the indoor coverage is computed with consideration of the indoor walls
• If transmitter is located inside building and if indoor walls of this building are available the CNP module is automatically activated
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 12
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Examples CNP urban indoor
Indoor coverage
for outdoor transmitter
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 13
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Examples CNP indoor urban
Outdoor coverage for indoor transmitter
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 14
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Example urban indoor: Base Station on Top of Building
Indoor coverage for outdoor transmitter
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 15
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Example indoor urban: WLAN AP inside Building
Outdoor coverage for indoor transmitter
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 16
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Example: Indoor Urban
Omni-directional antenna in the highest floor of an office building
Computed with the Dominant Path Model
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 17
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Example: Indoor Urban
Omni-directional antenna in the highest floor of an office building
Computed with the Dominant Path Model
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 18
Combined Scenarios (Rural Urban Indoor)
Example: Rural (Topo) / Urban (Buildings) / Indoor (Walls)
Omni-directional antenna on a hill in the Hong Kong area
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 19
Combined Scenarios (Rural Urban Indoor)
Example: Rural (Topo) / Urban (Buildings) / Indoor (Walls)
Coverage inside a building (multiple floors) due to an
omni-directional antenna on a hill in the Hong Kong area
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 20
Combined Scenarios (Urban Indoor)
Evaluation with Measurements
Investigated Scenario:
I. Campus of University of Stuttgart, Germany
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 21
Scenario Information
Material concrete and glass
Total number of objects 1893
Number of walls 1004
Resolution 1.0 m
Transmitter height 40.0 m
Prediction height 17.0 m
Combined Scenarios: Evaluation
Scenario I: Campus of University of Stuttgart, Germany
Penetration Scenario!
3D view of database
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 22
Combined Scenarios: Evaluation
Scenario I: Campus of University of Stuttgart, Germany
Prediction with 3D Dominant Path Model
for transmitter 3
Prediction with 3D Dominant Path Model
for transmitter 4
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 23
Combined Scenarios: Evaluation
Scenario I: Campus of University of Stuttgart, Germany
Difference of prediction with DPM and measurement for transmitter 3
Difference of prediction with DPM and measurement for transmitter 4
Site
Statistical Results for Dominant Path Model
Mean Value [dB]
Std. Dev. [dB]
Comp. Time [s]
3
0.90
5.43
154
4
4.26
7.48
156
Remark: Standard PC with an AMD Athlon64 2800+ processor and 1024 MB of RAM
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 24
Summary
Features of WinProp Hybrid Urban Indoor Module
• Highly accurate propagation models
Empirical: Multi Wall
Deterministic (ray optical): 3D Ray Tracing, 3D Dominant Path
Arbitrary number of transitions (from indoor to urban and vice versa) within one path
Optionally calibration of 3D Dominant Path Model with measurements possible
• Building data
Models are based on 3D vector (CAD) data (indoor) and 2.5D vector building data (urban)
Consideration of material properties (also subdivisions like windows or doors)
• Antenna patterns
Either 2x2D patterns or 3D patterns
• Outputs
Predictions on multiple heights simultaneously
Signal level (path loss, power, field strength)
Delays (delay window, delay spread,…)
Channel impulse response
Angular profile (direction of arrival)
2012 © by AWE Communications GmbH 25
Further Information
Further information: www.awe-com.com